Information Systems

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Information Systems

• Chapter 7
• The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

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Use and Functioning of the Internet

• Internet ?

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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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Use and Functioning of the Internet

• Internet a collection of interconnected
  networks, all freely exchanging information
• ARPANET
• Ancestor of the Internet
• Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense
  (DoD) in 1969

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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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Use and Functioning of the Internet (continued)
Table 7.1 A Brief History of the Internet
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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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Use and Functioning of the Internet
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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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How the Internet Works

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Transport-layer protocol that most Internet
  applications use with IP
• Backbone
• One of the Internets high-speed, long-distance
  communications links
• Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
• An assigned address on the Internet for each
  computer

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How the Internet Works (continued)

• Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
  Numbers (ICANN)
• Responsible for managing IP addresses and
  Internet domain names
• Has authority to resolve domain name disputes
• Cyber-squatters
• Register domain names in the hope of selling them
  to corporations or people

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How the Internet Works (continued)

• Accessing the Internet
• Connect via LAN Server
• Connect via Dial-up
• Connect via High-Speed Service
• Connect Wirelessly

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How the Internet Works (continued)
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Internet Service Providers

• Any company that provides individuals or
  organizations with access to the Internet
• Most charge a monthly fee

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Internet Service Providers (continued)
Table 7.4 Approximate Times to Perform Basic
Tasks with Various Internet Connections
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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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The World Wide Web
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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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The World Wide Web

• Collection of tens of millions of server
  computers that work together as one in an
  Internet
• Hyperlink
• Highlighted text or graphics in a Web document
  that, when clicked, opens a new Web page
• Web browser
• Web client software such as Internet Explorer,
  Firefox, and Safari used to view Web pages

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The World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web was developed by Tim
  Berners-Lee at CERN, The European Organization
  for Neuclear Research in GenevaCenter Europeane
  pour la Recherche Nucleaire

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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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The World Wide Web (continued)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Standard page description language for Web pages
• HTML tags
• Let the browser know how to format text
• Extensible Markup Language (XML)
• Markup language for Web documents containing
  structured information
• Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
• File or portion of an HTML file that defines the
  visual appearance of content in a Web page

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The World Wide Web (continued)
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The World Wide Web (continued)
Web Documents index.html
HTML Documents/ Linked Files
http//www.buu.ac.th/index.html
REQUEST
HTTP
The Internet
HTTP
HTTPD Web Server Web Site
HTML Document index.html
Client Web Browser
Web Page Home Page
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Web 2.0 and the Social Web

• Web 2.0
• The Web as a computing platform that supports
  software applications and the sharing of
  information
• Rich Internet application
• Software that has the functionality and
  complexity of traditional application software,
  but runs in a Web browser and does not require
  local installation

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Web Programming Languages

• Java
• Object-oriented programming language from Sun
  Microsystems based on C
• Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded
  within an HTML document
• Other languages
• Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX)
• Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
• Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight

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Developing Web Content

• Popular tools for creating Web pages and managing
  Web sites
• Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web, and
  Nvu
• Popular publishing options
• ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting
• Mash-up
• Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into
  one song

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Web Services

• Standards and tools that streamline and simplify
  communication among Web sites
• XML
• The key to Web services

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Web Services (continued)

• Other components used in Web service
  applications
• SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
• UDDI (Universal Discovery Description and
  Integration)

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Internet and Web Applications

• Search engines and Web research
• Search engines
• Have become important to businesses as a tool to
  drive visitors to the business Web site
• SEO has become a valuable marketing tool

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Search Engines and Web Research
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Search Engines and Web Research (continued)
Table 7.6 Popular Search Engines
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Principles of Information Systems, Eighth Edition
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Business Uses of the Web

• Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association
• Established in 1991
• Allows businesses to connect to the Internet

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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat

• E-mail
• No longer limited to simple text messages
• Can embed sound and images
• Can attach files
• Instant messaging
• Online, real-time communication between two or
  more people who are connected to the Internet

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E-Mail, Instant Messaging, and Video Chat
(continued)
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Career Information and Job Searching

• Search engines
• Good starting point for searching for specific
  companies or industries
• Job sites
• www.directmarketingcareers.com
• www.monster.com
• www.hotjobs.com
• www.careerbuilder.com

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Telnet, SSH, and FTP

• Telnet
• Network protocol that enables users to log on to
  networks remotely over the Internet
• Secure Shell (SSH)
• Provides Telnet functionality through a more
  secure connection
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• Supports file transfers between a host and a
  remote computer

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SSH Secure Shell File Transfer
Upload
Download
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Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting

• Web log (blog)
• Web site that people create and use to write
  about their observations, experiences, and
  feelings on a wide range of topics
• Podcast
• Audio broadcast over the Internet
• An audio blog

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Usenet and Newsgroups

• Usenet
• Uses e-mail to provide a centralized news service
• Topic are called newsgroups
• Protocol that describes how groups of messages
  can be stored on and sent between computers

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Usenet and Newsgroups (continued)
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Chat Rooms

• Enable two or more people to engage in
  interactive conversations over the Internet
• Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
• Requires participants to type their conversation
  rather than speak

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Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services

• Internet phone service
• Relatively inexpensive, especially for
  international calls
• Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology
• Network managers can route phone calls and fax
  transmissions over the same network they use for
  data
• Internet videoconferencing
• Supports both voice and visual communications

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Social Networks

• Facebook
• Provides an application development platform so
  that technically proficient members can create
  applications to run within Facebook
• The U.S. intelligence community
• Is adopting social networking to share
  information among operatives and analysts
• Twitter
• Allows members to report on what they are doing
  throughout the day

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Media Sharing

• YouTube
• Allows members to post homemade video content
• Flickr
• Allows members to upload photos to their own
  personal online photo album and choose photos to
  share with the community

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Social Bookmarking

• Purpose
• To provide a view of the most popular Web sites,
  videos, blog articles, or other Web content at
  any given moment
• Popular social bookmarking sites
• del.icio.us
• Digg

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Content Streaming

• Method for transferring multimedia files, radio
  broadcasts, and other content over the Internet
• Enables users to browse large files in real time

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Shopping on the Web

• Amazon Shorts
• Has stories that vary in length from 2,000 to
  10,000 words
• Bot (intelligent agent)
• Software tool that searches the Web for
  information, products, or prices

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Web Auctions

• Web auction
• A way to connect buyers and sellers
• eBay
• Popular auction site
• Easy to use and includes thousands of products
  and services in many categories
• Auction sites
• Cannot always determine whether the people and
  companies listing products and services are
  legitimate

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Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet

• Radio broadcasts are now available on the
  Internet
• Video and TV are also becoming available
• Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol
• Used to put TV programming on the Internet

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E-Books and Audio Books

• Digital books, both in text and audio form
• Are growing in popularity thanks to appealing
  devices and services
• Audio books
• Have become more popular due to the popularity of
  the iPod and services like audible.com

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Office on the Web

• Internet office
• Web site that contains files, phone numbers,
  e-mail addresses, an appointment calendar, and
  more
• Allows your desktop computer, phone books,
  appointment schedulers, and other important
  information to be with you wherever you are

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Other Internet Services and Applications

• Internet
• Can provide critical information during times of
  disaster
• Can be used to translate words, sentences, or
  complete documents from one language into another
• Facilitates distance learning, which has
  dramatically increased in the last several years

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Intranets and Extranets

• Intranet
• Internal corporate network built using Internet
  and World Wide Web standards and technologies
• Extranet
• Network that links selected resources of the
  intranet of a company with its customers,
  suppliers, or other business partners
• Virtual private network (VPN)
• Secure connection between two points on the
  Internet

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Intranets and Extranets (continued)
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Net Issues

• Management issues
• Preventing attacks
• Service and speed issues
• Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on
  company intranets
• Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized
  Internet sites
• People and companies are reluctant to embrace the
  Internet unless these issues are successfully
  addressed

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Summary

• The Internet started with ARPANET
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• The set of conventions used to pass packets from
  one host to another
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Other protocol used with IP
• The Web
• Collection of tens of millions of servers that
  work together as one in an Internet service

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Summary (continued)

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
• Standard page description language for Web pages
• Internet and Web applications include
• Web browsers, e-mail, Telnet, FTP, Web logs
  (blogs), podcasts, Usenet and newsgroups, chat
  rooms
• Telnet and SSH
• Enable you to log on to remote computers
• Online social networks
• Provide Web-based tools for users to share
  information about themselves with others

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Summary (continued)

• Intranet
• Internal corporate network built using Internet
  and World Wide Web standards and products
• Extranet
• Network that links selected resources of the
  intranet of a company with its customers,
  suppliers, or other business partners
• Management issues, service, and speed affect all
  networks

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• The Internet is like many other technologiesit
  provides a wide range of services, some of which
  are effective and practical for use today, others
  that are still evolving, and still others that
  will fade away from lack of use
• Briefly describe how the Internet works,
  including alternatives for connecting to it and
  the role of Internet service providers

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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Originally developed as a document-management
  system, the World Wide Web is a hyperlink-based
  system that is easy to use for personal and
  business applications
• Describe the World Wide Web and how it works
• Explain the use of Web browsers, search engines,
  and other Web tools
• Identify and briefly describe the applications
  associated with the Internet and the Web

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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Because use of the Internet and World Wide Web is
  becoming universal in the business environment,
  management, service and speed, privacy, and
  security issues must continually be addressed and
  resolved
• Identify who is using the Web to conduct business
  and discuss some of the pros and cons of Web
  commerce
• Outline a process for creating Web content

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Principles and Learning Objectives (continued)

• Describe Java and discuss its potential impact on
  the software world
• Define the terms intranet and extranet and
  discuss how organizations are using them
• Identify several issues associated with the use
  of networks

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• Review question 7

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