Maslow

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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs(????????? ) and
World Happiness Levels????????
Dr Mark Williams Professor of Education (Positive
Psychology) Shenzhen University     Mobile
(0011 86 755) 13417391319email
markw.szu_at_gmail.comwebsite www.aappi.net
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Questions for this lecture ?????????

• What is Maslows Hierarchy of Needs? ????????????
• How do these needs explain aspects of our levels
  of happiness? ???????????????????
• What are world levels of happiness? ???????????
• How do world levels of happiness relate to
  Maslows hierarchy? ??????????????????????

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Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

• Parents migrated to America, uneducated Russian
  Jews. ??,?????????????,??????
• Studied law then PhD in psychology.
  ????,????????????
• Taught and researched, eventually Professor at
  Brandeis University. ?????,?????????????
• Leader of the humanistic school of psychology
  1950-1970 1950-1970 ?,???????????
• Third force" beyond Freudian theory and
  behaviourism. ???????????????????

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Maslow, leader of humanist psychology
???????????

• What energizes, directs, and sustains human
  behavior - biology, drive for achievement, or
  power? ?????,??,??????? - ???,??????????
• In a famous article A Theory of Human
  Motivation (1943) in the American journal
  Psychological Review, Maslow contended that human
  needs drive behaviour1943 ?,?????????????????????
  ????????????,??????????

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Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid Diagram (Huitt, 2007)
????????
4 Growth Needs 4???/???? 4 Deficiency
Needs 4???/?????
????
????
??
??
??
????
??/??
??
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Maslows 4 Deficiency Needs ????????????

• Esteem to achieve, be competent, gain approval
  and recognition.  ?????,???,?????????
• Belongingness and Love affiliate with others, be
  accepted ?????????,???
• Safety/security out of danger ??/??????
• Physiological hunger, thirst, bodily comforts,
  etc. ????,??,?????

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Maslows 4 Growth Needs ????????/????

• Self-transcendence connect to something bigger,
  help others develop. ?????????????,??????
• Self-actualization self-fulfillment and realize
  ones potential. ????????,???????
• Aesthetic symmetry, order, and beauty.
  ????,??,???
• Cognitive to know, understand, explore.
  ????,??,??

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Maslows Growth Needs ??????/?????? (Huitt,
2007)

• more self-actualized and self-transcendent means
  more wisdom - knows what to do.
  ????????????????????? - ??????
•  in spite of a lack of scientific experiments to
  support this model, it enjoys wide acceptance.
  ???????????????,?????????
• important to parents, educators, human resource
  managers and others developing and using human
  potential. ???,?????,??????????????????????????

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Maslows Hierarchy and Happiness ?????????

• Its hard to be happy if deficiency needs are not
  being met ???????????????,?????????
• However, people can feel some happiness even if
  their needs are not being met. ??,???????????,????
  ???????????
• Is more happiness available to people as more of
  their needs are met? ??????????????,??????

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Basic Physical Needs ??????
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Basic Physical Needs ??????

• Food and Drink (not to be hungry or thirsty)
  ?????(?????)
• Air for oxygen ?????
• Sleep and warmth ?????
• Maternal behaviour ????
• Sexual release ???
• Basic sensory needs like touch, being near and
  sensing other people and nature
  ????????,??????????

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Basic Physical Needs ??????

• Food, water, air and rest are essential for life.
  ??,?,???????????
• People will die without them and cannot even
  fight.????,???,??????
• Without them happiness is very difficult.
  ????,???????
• Some happiness might be found in having hope or
  working to get these needs satisfied, especially
  working with others which is a form of happiness
  itself. ?????????????????????????,??????????1,????
  ???????

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Ive been lucky, always having had these needs
provided for?????????????????
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Safety and Security Needs ???????
Basic Physical Needs ??????
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Safety and Security Needs ???????

• Once a persons basic needs have been met, their
  next concern is usually for ?????????????,???????
  ??????
• safety and security ?????
• freedom from pain ????
• Addressing threats from possible physical
  attack???????????
• protection from danger. ??????

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Safety and Security Needs (cont.)???????

• People and communities spend a lot of time and
  energy to get these needs met e.g. locks and
  keys, home security, police, weapons, health
  care, armed services ????????????????????? -
  ?????,????,??,??,????,??
• If these needs are not met, some happiness might
  be found in having hope and working or fighting
  for safety and security, especially with others.
  ???????????,??????????????????????????

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My older brother had a mental condition and often
attacked me, once pushing me off a high balcony
nearly killing me. This created anxiety since my
safety and security needs were not met.
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Love and Social Needs ??????
Safety and Security Needs ???????
Basic Physical Needs ??????
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Love Social needs ??????

• These include ??????
• a sense of belonging ??? esp. family???????????
• the need for social activities ????????
• Friendships??
• giving and receiving love ??????
• For most adults, loving sexual intimacy
  ????????,???????

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Love Social needs (cont.) ??????

• People spend a lot of time and energy to create
  loving families, good friendships, social
  activities, romance and love??????????????????????
  ?????
• If people do not have a sense of belonging or
  love, some happiness might be found in having
  hope and working to find friendship, love or
  social belonging, especially with groups, clubs,
  or with others. ???????????,???????????????

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Recent Research on Social Needs ???????????
(Christakis Fowler, 2009)

• Being connected to a happy friend makes you 15
  more likely to be happy yourself
  ?????????????15???
• even being connected even to a friends friends
  friend (3 degrees of separation) makes you 6
  more likely ???????????????(3???)????6???
• Other research shows that an extra 10,000 makes
  people 2 more likely to be happy
  ??????,?????10,000???????

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Relatedness

• Maslows Need for Belongingness
• Social interactions with friends.
• Affectionate relationships with others.
• Others acknowledge us and care about our
  wellbeing.
• Give and take reciprocal relationships.

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Humans are social animals

• Like other social animals.
• Living together in groups improved our survival.
• Perhaps part of our genetic makeup.
• Important for our well-being.

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Marital status and SWB

• Significant predictor of subjective well being.
• Make for more
• Positive interactions
• Emotional expressiveness
• Role sharing
• For success, trust and intimacy important.

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Ive been lucky always having had these needs meet
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Self-Esteem Needs?????
Love and Social Needs ???????
Safety and Security Needs ????????
Basic Physical Needs ???????
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Self-esteem needs?????

• This includes the need to have
• self respect (involves the desire to have
  strength, confidence, independence, freedom and
  achievement) ?????????(????????,???,??,?????)
• esteem of others (involves having prestige,
  status, attention, recognition, reputation and
  appreciation from other people)
  ????(?????????,??,??,??,??????????)

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High self esteem - father, professor,
well-travelled and experienced ??????--??,??,????,
??????
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Self actualisation needs ???????
Self-Esteem needs ?????
Love and Social Needs ???????
Safety and Security Needs ????????
Basic Physical Needs ???????
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Self actualisation needs ???????

• This is the development of and realisation of a
  persons full potential ??????????????????????
• all the other needs in the pyramid have to be
  achieved before a person can reach this stage
  ????????????????????????????

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Self actualisation needs ???????

• Include Peak experiences of the unity and
  oneness of life, knowledge, compassion, goodness,
  understanding, appreciating the beautiful,
  kindness, meaningfulness, authenticity,
  playfulness, vitality, creativity, spontaneity,
  problem solving, openness to the new, lack of
  prejudice, morality-ethics, and acceptance of
  the facts of life. ?????????????(???
  ),??,???,??,??,??,??,??,???,??,???,???,???,????,??
  ?,????, ????,???????

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Self actualization through happiness ?????????
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Self actualization through the happiness of
elevation, wonder, ecstasy, gratitude, flow and
engagement in teaching and researching positive
psychology and the flow of language and love (the
Dao) ??????,??,??,??,?????????,????????????
????(??)???????

• Especially elevation through reading e.g.
• Cupitt, Don. (2001). Emptiness and Brightness.
  Polebridge Press USA
• Cupitt, Don. (2003). Life, Life. Polebridge
  Press USA
• Cupitt, Don. (2005). The way to happiness.
  Polebridge Press USA

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One of my art exhibitions - this one Berlin
???????? ???
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Transcendence ?? Self-actualization
???? Cognitive ?? Aesthetic ???
Self actualization needs ???????
4 Growth Needs 4????? 4 Deficiency
Needs. 4?????
Self-Esteem Needs ?????
Love and Social Needs ???????
Safety and Security Needs ????????
Basic Physical Needs ???????
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Transcendence ??

• Late in his life Maslow stated that transcendence
  is a higher need even than self-actualization?????
  ?,???????????????
• He founded the Association for Humanistic
  Psychology in 1959 and, then, going a quantum
  jump further, established the Association for
  Transpersonal Psychology in 1969 to study
  transcendence. ??1959????????????,??,???????????,?
  1969????????????,?????????

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Transcendence is a spiritual need achieved by
relatively few people ??????????????????
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Joke Time Happy China?
?????????
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References

• Christakis, N. A. Fowler, J. H. (2009).
  Connected The Surprising Power of Our Social
  Networks and How They Shape Our Lives. Little
  Brown and Company.
• Huitt, W. (2007). Maslow's hierarchy of
  needs. Educational Psychology Interactive.
  Valdosta, GA Valdosta State University.
  Retrieved date from, http//www.edpsycinteractiv
  e.org/topics/regsys/maslow.html
• Inglehart, Ronald. (1990). Culture Shift in
  Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ
  Princeton. University Press, USA
• Maslow, A (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation,
  Psychological Review 50(4)370-96.
• Miller, W. deBaca, J. (2001) Quantum Change
  When Epiphanies and Sudden Insights Transform
  Ordinary Lives. Guildford Publications Inc.