Biotechnology Vocabulary Review

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Biotechnology Vocabulary Review

• The Living Environment - NYS 2.2 The student
  should be able to explain how the technology of
  genetic engineering allows humans to alter the
  genetic makeup of organisms

Remember to wait for the vocabulary word to pop
up at the end! Can you guess it before it comes
up?
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Selective Breeding
Method of improving a species by allowing only
those individual organisms with desired
characteristics to produce the next generation
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Hybridization
http//plantandsoil.unl.edu/croptechnology2005/Use
rFiles/Image/siteImages/B73Mo17,hybridPlantsLG.gif
Breeding technique that involves crossing
dissimilar individuals to bring together the best
traits of both organisms
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Inbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar
characteristics
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Polyploid
Having many sets of chromosomes
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Genetic Engineering
http//www.ces.ncsu.edu/resources/crops/ag546-1/he
lixes3.jpg
The process of making changes in the DNA code of
living organisms
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Restriction Enzyme
An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of
nucleotides
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Gel Electrophoresis
http//www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img
0140.jpg
A procedure used to separate and analyze DNA
fragments at one end of a porous gel and apply an
electrical voltage to the gel
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Recombinant DNA
http//www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences/fetology
/genetics/images/chimericDNA.gif
DNA produced by combining DNA from different
sources
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
Technique that allows molecular biologists to
make many copies of a particular gene
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NYS Regents June 2008

• For centuries, certain animals have been crossed
  to produce offspring that have desirable
  qualities. Dogs have been mated to produce
  Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these
  dogs look and behave very differently from one
  another. This technique of producing organisms
  with specific qualities is known as

Gene Replication
Natural Selection
Random Mutation
Selective Breeding
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Try Again
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Correct!
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NYS Regents June 2007

• Which statement best explains the observation
  that clones produced from the same organism may
  not be identical?

Events in meiosis result in variation
Gene expression can be influenced by the
environment
Differentiated cells have different genes
Half the genetic information in offspring comes
from each parent
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Correct!
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NYS Regents June 2007

• The flounder is a species of fish that can
  live in very cold water. The fish produces an
  antifreeze protein that prevents ice crystals
  from forming in its blood. The DNA for this
  protein has been identified. An enzyme is used
  to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA
  that is then spliced into the DNA of strawberry
  plants. As a result, the plant can now produce a
  protein that makes it more resistant to the
  damaging effects of frost. This process is known
  as

Sorting of Genes
Genetic Engineering
Recombination Of Chromosomes
Mutation by deletion of genetic material
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Correct!
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NYS Regents June 2007

• How does altering the DNA of a peanut affect
  the proteins in peanuts that cause allergic
  reactions?

The altered DNA is used to synthesize changed
forms of these proteins.
The altered DNA leave the nucleus and becomes
part of the allergy-producing protein.
The altered DNA is the code for the antibodies
against the allergens.
The altered DNa is used as an enzyme to break
down the allergens in peanuts.
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Correct!
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Play Again!