The Growth of the Two-Party System Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans

1
The Growth of the Two-Party SystemFederalists
vs. Democratic Republicans

• Mr. Bach
• Accelerated United States History
• Hudson High School

2
A Unified Country

• George Washington unanimously elected President
  of the United States
• First Cabinet
• State Thomas Jefferson
• Treasury Alexander Hamilton
• War Henry Knox
• Attorney General Edmund Randolph

3
Divisions Develop Immediately

• Strong centralized Government
• Government as the engine of the economy
• Federal power over state power

• Limited power in the central government
• American people as the engine of the economy
• State power over federal power

4
Alexander Hamilton

• Background
• Illegitimate son from the West Indies
• Served as Washingtons aid during the war
• Favored national sovereignty and a strong, active
  national government

5
A Financial Genius

• Report on Public Credit
• First Bank of the United States
• Report on Manufactures
• Excise Taxes

6
Opposition to Hamiltons Plan

• Report on Public Credit
• Who would benefit? Who would lose?
• First Bank of the United States
• Was this a constitutional action?
• Report on Manufactures
• What is the vision for the United States?
• Excise Taxes
• Are you replacing an old tyranny with a new one?

7
Whiskey Rebellion

• Whiskey tax would effect few farmers and would
  reduce consumption
• Washingtons victory ensured the dominance of
  republican ideals

8
The Hamilton Jefferson divide develops into the
two-party system
9

• Federalists
• Wealthy, commercial interests
• Strong central government
• Broad constructionists
• Cities, New England
• Anglophiles

• Democratic Republicans
• Poor to middle-class, agriculture
• Limited central government
• Strict constructionists
• Farmlands, South
• Francophiles

10
1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

George Washington Virginia Federalist 132 97.8
John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 77 57.0
George Clinton New York Democratic-Republican 50 37.0
Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 4 3.0
Aaron Burr New York Federalist 1 0.7
Electoral Votes Not Cast --- ----- 6 4.4


Total Number of Electors 132
Total Electoral Votes Cast 264
Number of Votes for a Majority 67
11
1792 Election Results
12
Reaction to France

• How to respond to the excesses of the French
  Revolution?
• Citizen Genet Affair
• Washingtons Proclamation of Neutrality

13
Jay Treaty

• British agreed to withdraw from Northwest
• Eased restrictions on American shipping
• No compensation for runaway slaves
• Who won? Who lost?

14
Washingtons Farewell Address

• Established the tradition of a two-term limit
• Warned against foreign entanglements in alliances
• Lamented the growth of the Democratic Republican
  faction

15
1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4
Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 68 49.3
Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 30 21.7
Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9
Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0
George Clinton New York Democratic-Republican 7 5.1
Other - - 15 10.9
Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
16
1796 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
17
XYZ Affair and Quasi-War

• France demands tribute for negotiations Adams
  refuses.
• Adams starts to build the US Navy
• Undeclared war begins between American and French
  navies in the Caribbean

18
XYZ Affair
19
Alien and Sedition ActsandVirginia and Kentucky
Resolutions

• Is there a French party in America?
• Could the states oppose the national government?

20
The Revolution of 1800
21
1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 65 47.1
Charles Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 64 64 46.4
John Jay New York Federalist 1 1 0.7

Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
22
1800 Election Results
Adams
Jefferson
23
1800 Election Results (Into the House of
Representatives!!) ? 1 vote for each State ?

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 10 10 62.5
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 4 4 25.0
Blank ------- 2 2 12.5
24
As the 19th Century Dawns so do Partisan
Politics

• Political machines Tammany Hall
• Rival newspapers
• Salacious insults
• Sex scandals
• Even duels to the death!

25
Richmond Recorder (1802)

• A Song Supposed to have been written by the Sage
  of Monticello
• When pressed by loads of state affairs
• I seek to sport and dally
• The sweetest solace of my cares
• Is in the lap of Sally,
• Shes black you tell me grant she be
• Must color always tally?
• Black is loves proper hue for me
• And whites the hue for Sally

26
The Death of Alexander Hamilton and the
Federalist Party