Case Study Agile Auto Architecture GM's Autonomy and the i-Solo/Duo

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Case StudyAgile Auto ArchitectureGM's
Autonomyand the i-Solo/Duo
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• AUTOnomy is the Reinvention of the Automobile
  and is the first vehicle to be designed from the
  ground up around a fuel cell propulsion system
  and combining drive-by-wire control technology
  and electric wheel hub motors.
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• The GM AUTOnomy is a powerful vision of what the
  future of auto-mobility may become and as such
  offers an endless variety of all-wheel-drive
  vehicles built from a limited number of common
  skateboard chassis with unlimited plug-and-play
  body styles. The skateboards include all of the
  essential systems a fuel cell stack, an
  electronic network, electric drive motors, and an
  on-board hydrogen storage system. The result is a
  vision of a future based on hydrogen fuel, a
  future where the only emission from the tailpipe
  is water.

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With AUTOnomy, an almost endless variety of
affordable, all-wheel-drive vehicles could be
built from a limited number of common chassis -
possibly as few as two or three - emitting only
water from the tailpipe and using renewable
energy.
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• POWER Fuel Cells combine hydrogen and oxygen to
  produce electricity, with water and heat as the
  only by-products.  Hydrogen  is the most abundant
  element in the universe. 
• CONTROL Drive-by-wire allows steering, braking,
  and other vehicle systems to be controlled by
  electrical signals rather than mechanical joints
  and linkages.
• SKATEBOARD A six-inch thick chassis with the
  entire propulsion system housed within wheel hub
  motors at the wheels enable four-wheel drive and
  four-wheel independent steering, acceleration,
  and braking four electrical mechanical body
  attachment mounts to lock the body in place onto
  the skateboard pre-configured and validated
  perimeter structural impact zones external side
  mounted optimized cooling fins a smart single
  access docking port to connect and link power,
  control, heating and cooling systems to the body
  from the skateboard a refueling port for
  hydrogen, and an exhaust outlet dispersing water
  in the form of vapor.
• MANUFACTURING By decoupling the body and
  skateboard in the manufacturing process and using
  modular assembly and accelerated vehicle
  development techniques, millions of skateboards
  can be manufactured at one location to achieve
  economies of scale. The various bodies and body
  styles would then be built and customized at
  satellite assembly plants around the world for
  both emerging and established markets. This
  freedom and flexibility allows the vehicle to
  adapt to the needs of unique global markets,
   changing lifestyles, and various customer
  requirements around the world.
• BODY INTERCHANGEABILITY The body of an AUTOnomy
  vehicle can be tailored to a manufacturer type,
  to a desired interior vocabulary, and to any
  exterior form or desired style. 
• SOFTWARE CUSTOMIZATION The body and skateboard
  are programable and customizable and can learn
  from and adapt to the user. Software--in
  combination with hardware--can adapt to a user or
  be pre-conditioned for certain driving
  characteristics, such as braking, cornering and
  acceleration.
• UNVEILING Revealed January 2002 at the North
  American International Auto Show (NAIAS). The
  General Motors AUTOnomy body has a futuristic
  two-seat roadster body (one of many possible
  interchangeable body styles) inspired by
  motorcycle and fighter jet designs. 

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It looks like an ordinary Opel Astra, one of
Europes most popular compact sedans. But slip
into the drivers seat and you quickly realize
theres something a bit unusual about this
high-tech prototype. The oddly shaped steering
wheel is probably the first clue, though the lack
of foot pedals is a definite giveaway. The
particular Astra TheCarConnection had the chance
to drive at Californias Buttonwood racetrack
uses the latest in so-called drive-by-wire
technology, and could very well be a sign of
things to come.
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• Named for its combination of hydrogen fuel cell
  and drive-by-wire technology, the Hy-wire
  incorporates the features envisioned in the
  AUTOnomy concept vehicle. All of its propulsion
  and control systems are contained within an
  11-inch-thick skateboard-like chassis, maximizing
  the interior space for five occupants and their
  cargo.

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Hy-wire specifications

• Vehicle Fuel cell and by-wire technology
  front-wheel drive, new luxury sedan
• Seating capacity 5
• Fuel storage system Three cylindrical
  high-pressure tanks of carbon composite material,
  mounted in the middle of the skateboard chassis
  Length/diameter 1,161/241 mm (45.7/9.5
  inches)Total capacity 2 kg (4.4 pounds)Total
  weight 75 kg (165 pounds)
• Fuel cell stack 200 single fuel cells connected
  in a seriesVoltage125-200 VoltLength/width/heig
  ht472/251/496 mmPressure1.5-2.7
  barsContinuous rating 94 kW, peak of 129
  kWPower density 1.60 kW/l, 0.94 kW/kg
• Electrical traction system Three-phase
  asynchronous electric motor with integrated power
  electronics and planetary gearOperating voltage
  250-380 Volt Maximum rating 60 kWMaximum
  torque 215 Nm (159 lb-ft)Maximum rpm 12,000
  Transmission ratio 8.671Total weight 92 kg
  (203 pounds)
• Skateboard chassis Length/width/height
  4,357/1,670/ 279 mm (171.5/65.7/11 inches -
  taller in the back)Aluminum frame
• Body Steel and fiberglassLength 5 meters (195
  inches)
• Vehicle size/weight Mass 1,900 kg (4,185
  pounds)Wheel base 3,114 mm (122.6 inches)
•  

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Overview The Sequel, about the size of a
Cadillac SRX, is the first fuel cell vehicle that
achieves 0-60 mph in under 10 seconds and has a
300-mile range. Unequaled control on snow and
ice, or uneven terrain. 42-percent more torque
for unparalleled acceleration. Shorter braking
distance than an equal size vehicle Sequels
sophisticated by-wire system replaces the
mechanical and hydraulic linkages of conventional
vehicles with electrical wires and actuators.
This means fewer parts to wear out, and because
by-wire systems work like a fast computer, Sequel
has enhanced accelerating, braking and overall
handling.
Jan, 2005 - The New York Times G.M. unveiled the
Chevrolet Sequel, that runs on a hydrogen fuel
cell, and employs the Platform architecture Larry
Burns has been spearheading.
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ISolo / IDuohttp//www.solo-duo.hu/main.php?cat
egory126
Hungarian Car project
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The Groups view of the future

The Antro Solo concept is a three-passenger car,
with a hybrid drive and solar cells on its roof
that the company says could generate enough
electricity for up to 20km a day at city speeds.
Antro intends to allow users to be able to
connect two Antro Solos to form a six-passenger
Antro Duo. Or, owners of a Duo could split the
car into two smaller Solos should Mum have
different weekend plans to Dad."

• responses with a perspective in rapidly changing
  circumstances
• relationships based on human values
• an economy based on satisfying needs
• rapid, flexible and decentralised networks
• synergies emerging from cooperation

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• the large family car (DUO) can be separated to
  two identical minicars (SOLO)
• the SOLO seats three passengers
• the DUO seats six passengers
• hybrid drive with renewable energies, running on
  vegetable oil and alcohol electric motor
• solar cells on roof for charging the batteries
• supplementary drive by pedal-generator, the
  option of exercise during travel (fitnessmobile)
  
• use of only the electric motor pedal drive at
  lowspeed, within residential areas (silent, 0
  emissions)

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2006-2008 Creation of an operational concept
car 2009-2010 Creation of the SoloDuo
prototype 2010-2012 Production design, prep
for manufacture 2012-2013 Launch of
large-scale serial production
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The SOLO-DUO will need only one quarter of the
fuel required by current cars. When burning
vegetable oil, alcohol, or synthetic, renewable
fuels, the amount of carbon dioxide released is
equal to the amount the plant already absorbed
during its growth. Its hybrid drive will be as
dynamic and quick as that of traditional cars,
so it will fit perfectly into public road
traffic.
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Autos as Mobile Complex Computer SystemsFeb 2010
email from recognized auto-expert
academic/consultanthttp//spectrum.ieee.org/riskf
actor/computing/it/us-national-highway-traffic-saf
ety-administration-has-no-ees-or-sw-engineers-work
ing-for-ithttp//abcnews.go.com/Nightline/video/a
uto-professor-pinpoints-car-flaw-9916379
Film-520

• As the industry switches to drive-by-wire, the
  number of lines of code
• in a vehicle these days exceeds those in
  aircraft. The statements made by
• Toyota executives suggest that the top command
  failed to realize what
• kind of new world the company had entered.
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• On the other hand Ford in July implemented a new
  record system
• designed by Siemens. It starts a record of each
  vehicle at line off,
• including all the software and updates to it. No
  two vehicles may be
• identical, so when one comes in for service, you
  have to know what's
• in it to diagnose. And updates and patches can be
  downloaded from
• Ford, same as for computer software. Vehicles are
  becoming computers
• and have to be managed as such.
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• Biggest problem in automotive advance that I see
  today is lack of
• engineering software talent to integrate all this
  stuff. If you could
• multiply that, you could retrofit much of the
  existing vehicle fleet
• to quickly pump up fuel efficiency by 10-25.
  Nonetheless, I suspect
• that is coming fairly soon, and it will
  drastically change the
• business model of the industry. Out of the last
  four automotive