Plug-in Vehicles: The Utilities Perspective in New England

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Plug-in Vehicles The Utilities Perspective in
New England

• Panel on Integrating Electric Vehicles Into the
  Grid
• and Electricity Markets
• MIT Energy Club ? February 12, 2009
• Watson Collins
• Project Manager, Enterprise Planning Group
• Northeast Utilities

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Tonights Topics

• Northeast Utilities update and focus areas
• Issues facing the utilities sector
• Region has aggressive energy and environmental
  goals
• Where electric transportation fits in
• EV efforts in New England
• NU is part of the GM / EPRI / Utility national
  collaboration
• What else is happening nationally
• MISSION CRITICAL Establishing Plug-In Ready
  Communities
• Further dialogue

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NU Update

• Largest electric and gas utility operations in
  New England
• Connecticut Light Power
• Yankee Gas Services Co.
• Western Mass. Electric Co.
• Public Service of New Hampshire

Awaiting FERC ruling on proposal for combined
transmission and power purchase agreement to
access Canadian hydro-electric power
Recently completed 1.6 billion series of
transmission projects in southwestern Connecticut
Currently serving over two million customers
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NUs Focus Areas

• Energy leadership and vision for the New England
  region
• Meet the energy, economic, and environmental
  needs of customers
• Incorporate sustainability in all aspects of our
  business
• Engage stakeholders to resolve complex issues
  facing the energy sector

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Issues Facing the Utilities Sector

• NERC compliance
• Natural Gas Dependency
• System Operability

Reliability Concerns

• High/volatile commodity costs
• Peaky demand growth
• Infrastructure modernization requirements

Continuing Rate Pressure
Advancing Technology

• Improving renewable costs
• Innovative Grid Communications (AMI/ BPL)
• End use energy management

Increasing Environmental Pressure

• Climate change policy
• Renewable Portfolio Standards
• Energy efficiency aspirations

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NUs Agenda for the Utilities Sector
Where Does Electric Transportation Fit In?

• Reduce traditional end use
• energy consumption
• ? Cut load growth in half

• Decarbonize our electricity
• fuel supply
• ? Develop 2,000-2,500 MWs of
• New England renewables
• ? Develop 1,200-1,400 MW new
• tie-line to Quebec

Lay the groundwork for electric transportation

• Reduce carbon intensity of nontraditional end
  uses through
• electrification and/or gasification

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GM / EPRI Collaboration NU Leads New England
Efforts
40 utilities nationwide
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EV Line-Up for 2009
PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle EREV
Extended Range Elec. Vehicle BEV Battery
Electric Vehicle AER Average Electric Range
NOTE U.S. automakers EV launches are major
factors in recovery plan
Tesla Roadster BEV
Available Now
BMW Mini E BEV
Aftermarket Retrofit Vehicles
Limited Availability In 2009
VW Golf TwinDrive PHEV
Saturn VUE PHEV
Ford Escape PHEV
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EV Roll-outs Announced by Automakers
Available in 2010 and Beyond
Chevy Volt EREV
Ford Transit Connect BEV
Ford Project M BEV
Chrysler ENVI line (min. 1 by 2010) Chrysler
200c EREV, Town Country EREV Jeep Wrangler
EREV, Patriot EREV Dodge Circuit BEV
Toyota Prius PHEV
Nissan BEV
Daimler Smart ForTwo EV
Mitsubishi iMiEV BEV
Subaru R1e
BYD E6 BEV
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The New Transportation Era A Portfolio of
Technology Options for Personal Transportation
Vehicle drive trains become simpler as reliance
on internal combustion engines decreases
High
Level of Complexity
Low
PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
EREV (Extended Range Electric Vehicle)
BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
Utility infrastructure and charging
infrastructure needs increase as electric miles
increase
High
Level of Complexity
Low
PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
EREV (Extended Range Electric Vehicle)
BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
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Automaker Design Choices Will Impact
Utilities
PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) EREV (Extended Range Electric Vehicle) BEV (Battery Electric Vehicle)
Internal Combustion Engine Yes (Powers wheels in parallel with Electric Motor) Yes (Powers generator which charges batteries) No
Average Electric Range 10 20 Miles (ICE still runs in electric mode) 40 Miles (ICE runs after battery is depleted) 100 Miles
EPA MPG Rating 50 100 MPG 80 120 MPG 100 200 MPG
Charging Requirements 120v 15a circuit 120v 15a circuit (8 hours) 240v 20-30a circuit (3 hours) 240v 30-70a circuit (3-6 hours) 3Ø charger (15-30 min 80 charge)
Useable Battery Sizing 3-5 kWh 8-10 kWh 20-35 kWh
Level of Charging Infrastructure Improvements Needed Some Moderate level of improvements for 240v charging Moderate to high level of improvements especially for 3Ø charging
To charge a 35-kWh battery in 10 minutes
requires 250 kilowatts of power.
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The Ultimate Bottomline EVs Will Deliver a
Better Carbon Footprint, Fuel Cost Savings and
MPG Ratings
4060 Reduction in Annual Fuel Costs _at_ 2
gas (7080 Reduction in Fuel Costs _at_ 4 gas)
7585 Reduction in CO2 Emissions
PHEVs are expected to get 80 to 150 MPG ratings
with full EVs getting 100 to 200 MPG
ratings (Roughly 36 kWh equal 1 gallons of
gasoline in the EPAs MPG ratings)

• Assumptions
• 15,000 miles annually
• 5 miles per kWh electric consumption
• New England marginal emissions rate is 1,100 lbs
  per MWh
• 20 cent per kWh electric price

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Leveraging the Regions Fuel Diversity Mix for
Transportation
New Englands Generation Fleet

• Has much lower carbon emission rates than
  national averages
• The percentage of total generation produced by
  gas-fired and gas-and-oil-fired plants in New
  England was 42 in 2007.
• Nationwide, about 21 of electric energy is
  produced by power plants fueled by natural gas.
• Will continue to have a better carbon footprint
• New England participates in the Regional
  Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a cap and trade
  market for power sector greenhouse gas emissions.
• Progressively increasing Renewable Portfolio
  Standards (RPS) will add low-impact resources to
  the market.
• NU and others are taking steps to further
  de-carbonize our electric supply fuel mix.

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Establishing Plug-In Ready Communities
The automakers roll-out plans will likely
restrict initial delivery of cars to established
Plug-in Ready Communities

• NUs EV planning now under way
• Significant stakeholder involvement is needed
  to shape policies and
  garner support
• State, county and city governments
• Clean Cities and other NGOs
• DOT
• Permitting and code officials
• Public Utility Commissions and other regulators
• Local employers, universities

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New England Has Some Catching Up to Do
Major progress and momentum in other regions
f
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Regional Approach Action Steps

• Immediate priorities
• Demonstrate strong regional commitment
• Establish a public charging infrastructure plan
• Near-term requirements
• Prepare for charging installation _at_ existing
  homes
• Ensure codes for new construction and major
  additions include 240V charging
• Additional opportunities
• Integrating vehicles with utility Smart Grid and
  Smart Charging initiatives
• Developing and deploying a fast charging
  infrastructure
• Vehicle-to-Grid possibilities

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Comments Further Dialogue Appreciated
Contact info for Watson Collins Email
collinw_at_nu.com Office 860.665.2255 Mobile
860.989.9879 (Online resources coming
soon) E-mail me your contact info and Ill
put you on my distribution list for future New
England EV updates