Instructional Design and Program Mapping

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Instructional Design and Program Mapping
Paulina Pannen 2009
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Trends

• 5th Generation
• The Virtual/Online/
• E- Learning Model
• Web-based courses
• (integrated multimedia)
• Computer Mediated
• Communication
• Computer intelligent system

• 6th Generation
• The Mobile Learning (M-Learning or Palm-E Model)
• Web-based courses
• (integrated multimedia)
• Mobile/Handphone Mediated Communication
• Computer intelligent system

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E-Learning
is a collection of information packages for
education which is available at any time and any
place and are delivered to learners
electronically.
covers a wide set of applications and
processes, such as web-based learning,
computer-based learning, virtual classroom, and
digital collaboration. It includes the delivery
of content via internet, intranet/extranet,
audio and videotape, satellite broadcast,
interactive TV, CD-ROM, etc.
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E-learning
Content
Hardware computer
Software
Interaction Strategies
Infrastructure/network
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Administrative Affair
E-mail
Course Lecture
Lecture Module On Homepage
Off Classroom Tutor and Assignment Response
Mailing List
Reading and HomeWork Assignment
E-mail
Peer Interaction
HTTP Link to Access Cross Reference and Other
External Sources
Learn the Course Material By Using
Simulation Program
Access to Cross Reference and Other External
Sources
Laboratory Assignment
Test and Exam Materials on Homepage
Course Completion
Student Activities
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Instructional Design
What is Instructional Design? a systematic
process to design, develop, and evaluate
instructional system (consisting of all
instructional components, objects, and
evaluation) for improved studentsperformance
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Instructional Design Principles

• Systematic and systemic
• Comprehensive in depth and width (standard
  competencies, basic competencies, indicators, all
  learning components)
• Habit development (gradually)
• Transfer of knowledge and skills (to other
  situation/ context)
• Individualized (supermarket model)
• Distributed learning

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Instructional Design ADDIE
Analyze
Design and Develop
Evaluate
Implement
Identify objectives
Identify Instructional Issues
Conduct formative evaluation (try out/pilot test)
Conduct instructional analysis
Identify basic competencies
Analyze setting
Authentic implementation
Identify students entry behavior
Design Alternative Solutions
Write test, assignment, exercises
Monitoring and Evaluation of the program
Select instructional strategy
Develop instructional materials
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Design Components
DELIVERY How to?
The three focus for Content Development E-LEARN
ING
CONTENTS Learning Object Materials
 INTERACTIVITIES Activities Scenario/Learning
Path Feedback
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Design Components
Program Mapping
Delivery system
Content Learning Object Materials
Interaction Learning Design and Path
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Program Mapping

• the systematic process of translating general
  principles of learning and instruction into plans
  for instructional materials and learning
• a method enabling learners to attain certain
  learning objectives,
• involving certain learning objects,
• by performing certain learning activities in a
  certain order in the context of a certain
  learning environment.

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Program Mapping
Content Learning Object Materials
It is not a mere transfer of printed modules or
tutorials into the LMS, neither it is a mere
replication of face-to-face instruction into an
electronic teaching and learning format.
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Program Mapping
Content Learning Object Materials

• Classifying the elements of learning (learning
  objects)
• Aggregating the elements (learning objects)
  hierarchical, cluster, procedural, combination

Learning Objects (content)
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Program Mapping
Content Learning Object Materials
Learning Content Content Generator (Authoring
Tools)
Create
Chunk
Redesign
Assemble
Learning Catalog
Find
Import
Track
Deliver
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Program Mapping
Mata kuliah
Lesson 2 (text, )
Lesson 1 (text, images, links)
Lesson 3 (text, )
Interaction Discussion forum Teleconference,
Face-to-face E-mail (QA)
Learning materials Text, images, video, audio,
links, glossary
Media (video, ppt, images, clipart, audio, etc.
Assignment reading summary, Surfing
websites Paper writing, Contact resource person
Test (self test, quiz, etc.)
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Program Mapping
Delivery system

1. Single Media versus Multimedia
2. Development or purchase of media?
3. Students Response?
4. Stimulating context for learning?

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Program Mapping
Delivery system
Face-to-face blended learning
Videoconference blended learning
Web-based blended learning

• Face-to-face
• Web-based course

• Face-to-face
• Videoconference

• Videoconference
• Web-based course

LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Program Mapping
Interaction LEARNING DESIGN

• Design learning activities or learning path (like
  scripting for a drama), or adding properties, or
  condition
• Players
• Sequence and Activity for each roles
• Environment supporting the activity
• Methods (strategies to make learning takes place)
• to achieve a certain learning objective
  (competency)

Methods, learning activities, learning
environment (activities)
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Program Mapping Interaction
Interaction is the process of active learner
engagement with each other, content, instructor,
or sofware.
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Program Mapping method

• Strategi yang dapat dirancang dosen
• Tanya jawab (QA)
• Discussion forums
• Students activities
• Telecollaboration
• Project/problem based learning
• Simulations
• Searching
• Etc.

• Initial case problem
• Test question
• Examples and analogies
• Visual information
• Spot challenges (games)
• Illuminating exercises
• Application problem
• Student review/summary

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Program Mapping method

• Lead-off story or interesting visual
• Initial case problem
• Test question
• Examples and analogies
• Visual information
• Spot challenges (games)
• Illuminating exercises
• Application problem
• Student review/summary

BUILDING INTEREST MAXIMIZING UNDERSTANDING
RETENTION INVOLVING STUDENTS DURING
LECTURE REINFORCING THE LECTURE
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Program Mapping CALL Activities (English
Language)

• Brainstorming, clustering ideas, outlining, color
  coding, graphic presentation using advance word
  processors
• Outlining and summarizing text
• Powerpoint presentation (synchronous for
  speaking)
• Authentic communication email, chat, forum
• Using concordances/vocabulary software (searching
  the net)
• Using content-based software (wiki, etc.)
• Annotated bibliography
• Creating brochure
• Reporting on web searching
• Evaluating web critically

Building Interest? Control? Response? Manipulat
ion? Co-construction? Maximizing Understanding
Retention? Involvement of students? Reinforci
ng The Lecture?
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Program Mapping learning path
Response
Manipulation
Co-construction

• Control
• Pace
• Flow
• Depth

• Trigger prior
• knowledge
• Scaffold learning
• Check learners
• understanding
• Summarize learning
• Extend learning
• Evaluate learning

Manipulation of learning objects through various
interaction to make sense, and to construct
meaning and products based on competency (ies)

• Concept development
• Computation - illustration

Acquisition
Production
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Program Mapping learning path

• - Apakah perlu bagi siswa untuk mampu
  mengendalikan sendiri kecepatan belajarnya?
  Misalnya karena kecepatan membaca yang berbeda,
  kecepatan belajar yang berbeda?
• Bagaimana kemungkinan pemilahan kompetensi dan
  materi menjadi sub-kompetensi dan sub-materi yang
  lebih kecil? Dapatkah siswa mengendalikan
  sendiri kecepatan belajarnya terhadap
  sub-kompetensi dan sub-materi itu?
• Apakah siswa rata-rata belajar dengan
  jalur/urutan yang sama? Apakah memungkinkan bagi
  siswa untuk belajar dengan urutan yang berbeda?
  Apakah siswa memiliki kemampuan prasyarat untuk
  menentukan jalur yang berbeda? Jika tidak,
  apakah ada struktur atau cue yang dapat membantu
  siswa?
• Apakah siswa memiliki kemampuan pencapaian
  kompetensi yang berbeda? Jika ya, apakah mungkin
  bagi siswa untuk menelusur lebih dalam kompetensi
  tertentu?

• Control
• Pace
• Flow
• Depth

Acquisition
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Program Mapping learning path

• Apakah respon siswa diinginkan diperoleh pada
• Awal satu lesson, atau satu topik, atau satu bab
  materi?
• Di dalam satu lesson, atau satu topik, atau satu
  bab?
• Di akhir satu lesson, atau satu topik, atau satu
  bab?
• Di antara proses siswa bernavigasi dari satu
  topik ke topik lain?

Response

• Trigger prior knowledge
• Scaffold learning
• Check learners understanding
• Summarise learning
• Extend learning
• Evaluate learning

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Program Mapping learning path

• Dapatkan siswa memanipulasi variable untuk
  mencapai pemahaman konsep? Misalnya dalam
  matematika?
• Apa variabelnya? Dan bagaimana variabel tsb.
  dapat dimanipulasi?
• Bimbingan yang bagaimana yang diperlukan siswa
  untuk dapat mencapai pemahaman yang tepat?
• Bagaimana pemahaman mereka dapat di dan atau
  ditransfer?

Manipulation

• Concept development
• Computation - illustration

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Program Mapping learning path

• - Apakah proses belajar menjadi lebih bermakna
  jika siswa menunjukkan kinerja melalui pembuatan
  suatu produk (tagihan) belajar?
• Dukungan atau alat apa yang dibutuhkan siswa
  untuk menghasilkan produk yang ditentukan
  (tagihan belajar)?
• Apa prompt atau cue yang diperlukan siswa
  (atau akan membantu siswa belajar)?

Co-construction
Siswa memanipulasi objek atau elemen dari materi
untuk menciptakan makna, atau menghasilkan
produk, dan mencapai kompetensi
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Program Mapping FEEDBACK
Asynchronous (indirect)
Synchronous (direct)
Free time
Time bound
From other sources
From lecturers
Discussion forum
Individual mail
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Program Mapping Generic Form
Title ........................................
....................... Description
..................................................
............. ...........................
....................................
.............................
..................................
...............................
................................ Learning
Objectives .................................
.............................. (Standar
Kompetensi) ...................................
...................... .....................
..........................................
......................
.........................................
No Kompetensi Dasar (TIK) Pokok Bahasan F2F Print Audio Visual Video conference Web-based course
             
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Program Mapping F2F Print Audio Visual
Title ........................................
....................... Description
..................................................
............. ...........................
....................................
.............................
..................................
...............................
................................ Learning
Objectives .................................
.............................. (Standar
Kompetensi) ...................................
...................... .....................
..........................................
......................
.........................................
No Kompetensi Dasar (TIK) Pokok Bahasan Metode Media Tugas Waktu Referensi
             
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Program Mapping Videoconference
Title ........................................
....................... Description
..................................................
............. ...........................
....................................
.............................
..................................
...............................
................................ Learning
Objectives .................................
.............................. (Standar
Kompetensi) ...................................
...................... .....................
..........................................
......................
.........................................
No Kompetensi Dasar (TIK) Pokok Bahasan Inisiasi Interaksi Tugas Waktu Referensi
             
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Program Mapping Web-based course
Title ........................................
....................... Description
..................................................
............. ...........................
....................................
.............................
..................................
...............................
................................ Learning
Objectives .................................
.............................. (Standar
Kompetensi, ...................................
...................... Kompetensi Dasar)
..................................................
.............
..................................................
.............
No Activity Teks Images Video Test/Quiz/ Assignment Syllabus/ calender Link URL Addresses glossary Instructional Method (interaction learning path)
         
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Program Mapping
Examples Web-based course unit
Unit of Study Butterfly
Title ........................................
....................... Description
..................................................
............. ...........................
....................................
.............................
..................................
...............................
................................ Learning
Objectives .................................
.............................. (Standar
Kompetensi, ...................................
...................... Kompetensi Dasar)
..................................................
.............
..................................................
.............
No Activity Teks and Images Video Test/Quiz/ Assignment Syllabus/ calender Link URL Addresses glossary Instructional Method
  Activity 2 Metamorphosis (1), (text 2), (text 3), clip art, illustration  Video 1, video2  Assignment 1  2 weeks  www.billybear4kids.com Metamorphosis Caterpillar Chrysallis Reading, QA (forum) Exploration (surfing), quiz
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Program Mapping
Title Institution Content (ICT Component) Delivery (Type of Blending) Interactions (Methods)
Basic Genetics Host Biology Dept. Unsoed Receipient UnTad Faculty of Agriculture Print and e-text, images, assignment, test, quiz, glossary, video, and heavy component on linkages Face-to-face based blended learning mostly are face-to-face (f 9), independent study (students using the materials on the web) (f 4), and videoconference (f 1). No specification on LMS Face-to-face lecture and jigsaw II (slavins coorperative learning) Vicon no specification Independent study reading, group assignment.
Basic Telecommunication Host Faculty of Communication, Ubinus Receipient STIKOM Bali 14 packages of powerpoint, support materials and linkages, item tests, and learning objects (video and animation). Face-to-face based blended learning mostly are face-to-face (f 14), and web-based course LMS MOODLE (?) Mostly lecture style, induction process by Host via face-to-face, and enhancement materials available on the web.
Nursing Process Host Public Health Dept. Univ. Indonesia Receipient Public Health Dept. Unri Print and e-text, images, assignment, test, quiz, glossary, video, audio, and heavy component on linkages Full materials available on the web Face-to-face based blended learning a relatively balance among face-to-face (f 6), web-based course (f 6), and videoconference (f 2). LMS SCELE (Moodle-based) Face-to-face lecture, exercises, discussion, practicum Vicon lecture from host Web-based course reading, group and individual assignment
Investment Management Host Economics Dept Univ. Indonesia Receipient Economics Dept. Unhas Print and e-text, images, assignment, simulation, test, quiz, glossary, video, audio, and linkages Full materials available on the web E-learning based blended learning web-based course is furnished for all components of the course, added by face-to-face tutorials (f 5) and videoconference (f 4) Web-based course project-based, simulation, online (synchronous) discussion. Face-to-face tutorials lecture and disucssion Vicon guest lecturers
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Example blended Learning
Face-to-face Learning Classroom
Environment Formal Classroom Computer
Laboratory Science Laboratory Number of
Meetings 5 or less meetings 5 or more
meetings Teaching Strategies Direct Indirect
Online Learning Resources Learning Objects PDF
Documents Microsoft Office Attachments Digital
Library Discussions Asynchronous
Discussion Forums
Self-Managed Learning Specially Designed
Modules With support from CD-ROM
Courseware Digital Library Physical
Library Subject Matter Experts Peers Tutors
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Example blended Learning
Online Learning (15 hours)
Face-to-Face Tutorials (10 hours)
Self-Managed Learning (95 hours)
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Example blended Learning
Learning Materials
Print Modules
CD-ROMs
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Example blended Learning
Learning Materials e-content
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Example blended Learning
E-Books

40,000 titles 6,500 titles 162 titles 50 titles 50 titles
Multi-disciplines such as Social Science, Art, Education, Psychology, etc. ICT, Multimedia, Business and Management. Encyclopedias, dictionaries, thesauri, books of quotations, etc. Information Systems Management, Information Systems Security, Data Management, E-Commerce, Computer Applications, etc. Various fields of Information Security.

5,657 titles 8,695 titles 164 titles 1,330 titles 642 titles
Advertising, Economics and Womens Studies. Finance, Accounting and International Business. Management, HRM, Marketing, Librarianship and Engineering. Sciences and Applied Sciences. Information Technology and Computer Science.
E-Journals
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Example blended Learning
Learning Management System

• APICTA Malaysia Merit Award (2006)
• Used by 4 Local IPTAs and 1 Professional
  Organisation
• Used by the MOHE of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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Example blended Learning
LMS Functionalities

• Collaborative Learning
• Forum
• Chat
• File Sharing Exchange
• Group Project
• Wiki

• Online Test
• Online Assignment
• Question Bank
• Online Forum Tracking Monitoring
• LCMS ID Wizard

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Example blended Learning
i-Radio
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Changes
Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Example blended Learning
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Key Questions
Are you ready to be different? Are you making
any changes?
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Checking
?
Is there (quality) learning taking place?
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Thank You