Anatomy of Kidney

1
Anatomy of Kidney

• Nephron functional unit of the kidney
• Hilum the medial area where vessels and nerves
  enter kidney (external)
• Renal fascia connective fibrous outer layer
  attaches to abdominal wall
• Adipose capsule fat layer that acts to cushions
  and holds kidney in place
• Renal capsule fibrous sac protects from
  infection

2
Anatomy of Kidney

• Renal sinus medial area where vessels and urine
  ducts enter kidney (internal)
• Parenchyma glandular tissue that forms urine
• Outer renal cortex thin outer layer of tissue
  that extends in columns dividing medulla into
  renal pyramids
• Inner renal medulla contains renal pyramids that
  funnel into the minor calyx

3
Anatomy of Kidney

• Minor calyx a small funnel like structure that
  collects urine from a renal pyramid
• Major calyx a larger funnel like structure that
  several minor calyx merge into
• Renal Pelvis an even larger funnel that several
  major calyx merge into
• Glomerulus a mass of capillaries that is
  enclosed by the nephron glomerular capsule
  (Bowmans capsule)

4
Nephron

• The nephron has two parts
• Renal corpuscle has two parts the glomerulus and
  the bowmans capsule.
• Renal tubule a duct that leads away from the
  capsule and ends at the minor calyx. It is made
  up of several parts PCT, nephron loop, DCT,
  collecting duct, papillary duct

5
Renal Tubule

• Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) contained in
  the renal cortex it follows the bowmans capsule,
  is the longest part of the renal tubule, has
  microvilli to increase absorption.
• Nephron loop follows the PCT, has a descending
  thin segment and a ascending thick segment,
  active in salt transport, contained in the renal
  medulla

6
Renal Tubule

• Distal convoluted tubule (DCT) when the nephron
  loop returns to the renal cortex, contains no
  microvilli
• Collecting duct a long straight tubule that
  several DCTs empty into
• Papillary duct a larger tubule that several
  collecting ducts empty into, the papillary duct
  enters the minor calyx