UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine Systems

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UNIT 9- Circulatory, Respiratory and Endocrine
Systems
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Circulation

• Circulatory System-
• System responsible for the transport of
  materials
• ex. oxygen, carbon dioxide, food, cellular
  wastes, etc

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Circulatory System

• Two types-
• Open-
• blood is not always contained in blood vessels,
  ex. arthropods
• Closed-
• blood is always contained in vessels, ex.
  vertebrates

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Human Circulatory System

• Consists of three parts
• 1. Heart
• 2. Blood vessels
• 3. Blood

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Heart (p933, 934)

• Heart
• Pumps blood to all parts of the body
• Chambers
• atria/auricles- receiving chambers
• ventricles- pumping chambers

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Heart

• Valves
• control the flow of blood, prevents back-flow
• Pericardium
• thin protective sac around the heart
• Septum
• Wall separating the right and left sides of heart
• Prevents mixing of oxygen rich and oxygen poor
  blood

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Heartbeat (p 935)

• Control
• Sinoatrial Node (SA) (pacemaker)-
• Group of cells that initiate the contraction of
  the heart.
• Atrioventricular node (AV)
• Stimulates contraction of ventricles

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Pulse (p935)

• Two beats
• Systole-
• Occurs when ventricles contract
• Diastole-
• Occurs when ventricles relax
• Average- 70 90 beats per minute for adults.
  (Quick Lab- p 934)

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Blood flow through heart

• 1. Vena cavae ?
• 2. ?
• 3. ?
• 4. ?
• 5. ?
• 6. ?
• 7. ?
• 8. ?
• 9. ?
• 10. ?
• 11. ?
• 12. ?
• 13. Aorta ?
• 14. The body

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Blood flow through heart

• 1. Vena cavae (a, g) ?
• 2. Right atrium (d) ?
• 3. Tricuspid valve (e)?
• 4. Right ventricle (f)?
• 5. Semilunar valves ?
• 6. Pulmonary arteries (b, i)?
• 7. Lungs ?
• 8. Pulmonary veins (c, j)?
• 9. Left atrium (h)?
• 10. Bicuspid valve (k)?
• 11. Left ventricle (l)?
• 12. Semilunar valves ?
• 13. Aorta (n)?
• 14. The body

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Blood Vessels

• Arteries (p 936)
• Vessels that carry blood away from the heart,
  usually oxygen rich, have a thicker layer of
  smooth muscle
• (take pulse from artery measure of heart rate)

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Blood Vessels

• Aorta
• Largest artery in the body, carries blood
  directly from the heart
• Arterioles
• Very small arteries, lead to capillaries

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Blood Vessels

• Capillaries
• Smallest blood vessels
• Very thin membrane walls
• Actual exchange of materials occurs

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Blood Vessels

• Veins (p 937)
• Vessels that return blood to the heart
• Thinner layer of smooth muscle
• Some have valves
• Venules
• Very small veins

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Circulation (p 938)

• Pulmonary
• Carries blood between the heart and lungs
• Only circulation where arteries carry oxygen poor
  blood and veins carry oxygen rich blood

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Circulation

• Systemic
• Carries blood between the heart and all parts of
  the body
• Arteries carry oxygen rich blood
• Veins carry oxygen poor blood

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Circulation

• Coronary- heart
• Renal- kidney
• Hepatic portal- liver

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Blood Pressure

• A measure of the force that blood exerts on a
  vessel wall
• Two measurements- systolic/diastolic
• Systolic- ventricle contraction
• Diastolic- ventricle relaxation
• Normal 120/80

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Lymphatic System

• A network of vessels that collects fluid (lymph)
  that is lost by the blood into tissues and
  returns it to the circulatory system