Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology (4th Edition)

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Work in the 21st Century An Introduction to
Industrial and Organizational Psychology(4th
Edition)

• by Frank J. Landy
• Jeffrey M. Conte

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Work in the 21st CenturyChapter 1

• What is
• Industrial and Organizational
• Psychology?

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Module 1.1Fundamentals of I-O Psychology

• Importance of I-O psychology
• Importance of work in peoples lives
• What is I-O psychology?
• The application of psychological principles,
  theory, and research to the work setting.

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Fundamentals ofI-O Psychology (contd)

• SIOP (Division 14 of APA)
• Fields of I-O Psychology
• Personnel psychology
• Organizational psychology
• Human engineering

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Relatively New Topics ofInterest to I-O
Psychology

• Building sustainable and environmentally
  conscious organizations
• I-O psychologists can guide organizations in
  measuring their eco-benefits and in promoting
  these benefits along with individual, team, and
  organizational performance.
• Humanitarian work psychology (HWP) the
  application of I-O psychology to humanitarian
  arena, especially poverty reduction and promotion
  of decent work, aligned with local stakeholders
  needs, and in partnership with global
  aid/development groups.
• Led by New Zealand I-O psychologist Stuart Carr,
  initial work in this field shows that I-O
  psychologists can make a difference in some of
  the major global problems of the 21st century.

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SIOP as a Resource

• www.siop.org
• History of I-O psychology
• Membership information (including students)
• Quarterly newsletter TIP
• JobNet
• SIOP Journal I-O Psychology Perspectives on
  Science and Practice
• Graduate training programs in I-O psychology
• List of SIOP publications

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Common Areas ofConcentration for I-O
Psychologists
Table 1.1
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Common Job Titles forI-O Psychologists
Table 1.2
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Evidence-BasedI-O Psychology

• I-O psychologists have become increasingly
  focused on making evidence-based decisions in
  their work in organizations
• This includes using a decision-making process
  that combines critical thinking with use of best
  available scientific evidence.
• I-O psychologists are well positioned to develop
  and utilize evidence-based practices as they have
  adopted the scientist-practitioner model to guide
  the field.

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How This Course Can Help You

• Knowledge about 21st century workplace
• Course will address issues such as work stress,
  work-family balance, workplace discrimination,
  leadership

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Module 1.2 The past, present,and future of I-O
Psychology

• The Past Important Dates/Events in I-O
  Psychology
• The Present Demographics and Career Paths
• Future Challenges to I-O Psychology

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Titles of Research Articlesin JAP (1917)
Table 1.3
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Titles of Research Articlesin JAP (2008)
Table 1.4
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Brief History of I-O Psychology

• 1876-1930
• Hugo Munsterburg, James McKeen Cattell, Walter
  Dill Scott, Walter Van Dyke Bingham
• World War 1 Army Alpha Army Beta Tests
• 1917 First Ph.D. in Industrial Psychology
  awarded to Lillian Gilbreth
• Research in time motion study ? Human
  Engineering

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Brief History of I-O Psychology (cont'd)

• 1930-1964
• Hawthorne Studies, Human Relations
• Human relations movement
• Theories of motivation
• Emotional world of the worker
• Studies of job satisfaction
• WWII
• Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII

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Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title VII

• Title VII specified demographic groups to be
  protected from employment discrimination

• Groups named in 1964
• Race
• Color
• Gender
• National origin
• Religion

• 2 additional protected groups added later
• ADEA (age) 1967
• ADA (disability) 1990

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Important Dates in theEvolution of I-O Psychology
Figure 1.1
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Demographics of I-O Psychologists

• In 2000, I-O psychologists represented about 6
  of all APA members
• In 2000, 30 of I-O psychologists in APA were
  women
• Average salaries
• Ph.D. in I-O psychology 90,000
• Masters in I-O psychology 67,000

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Figure 1.2 Where I-O Psychologists are Employed
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Preparing for a Careerin I-O Psychology

• Education training
• Getting into a graduate program
• Consideration of GPA GRE score(s)
• Relevant coursework (e.g., statistics)
• More emphasis on coursework than major

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Challenges to I-O in 21st Century

• I-O psychology needs to be
• Relevant
• Useful
• Grounded in scientific method

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Changes in the Workplace Since 1980

• Personal computing
• Telecommuting virtual teams
• Videoconferencing
• Providing a service vs. manufacturing goods
• Nature of work more fluid

• Teams vs. the individual
• Little stability
• Family-friendly workplaces
• Greater diversity
• Global workplace

Milton Montenegro/Getty Images
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Module 1.3 Multicultural Cross-Cultural Issues
in I-O Psychology

• Multiculturalism
• Culture defined
• System in which individuals share meaning
  common ways of viewing events objects
• Sharing of meanings interpretations

Royalty-Free/CORBIS
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Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)
Figure 1.3 The Dynamic of Top-Down-Bottom-Up
Processes across levels of culture
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Multicultural Nature of Work in the 21st Century

• Why should multiculturalism be important to you?
• Why is multiculturalism important for I-O
  psychology?
• Issues surrounding the global economy,
  expatriates, the West vs. the Rest mentality

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Theory of Cultural Influence (Hofstede)
Table 1.5 The Five Dimensions of Hofstedes
Theory of Culture
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Figure 1.4 Cultural Differences among Countries
(Hofstede, 1993)
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Thoughts on Theories of Cultural Influence

• Triandis variation on Hofstedes dimension of
  individualism/collectivism
• Horizontal cultures those that minimize
  distances between individuals
• Vertical cultures accept depend on distances
  between individuals

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Implications of Cultural Dimensions for HRM
Table 1.6 The implications of Cultural Dimensions
for HRM
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Cultural Determinants in the Workplace (Triandis)
Figure 1.5 Triandiss View of Cultural
Determinants in the Workplace
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Module 1.4Themes Course Structure

• Themes
• A) Unified Science
• B) Holistic Approach
• Parts of the book
• Introduction
• Industrial Psychology
• Organizational Psychology
• Work Environment

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Module 1.4 (contd)

• Resources
• Paper (I-O Journals/Books)
• Electronic I-O websites (e.g., www.siop.org)
• Case study
• Provides example of complexity of work behavior

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Table 1.7 Scientific Journals in I-O Psychology
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Table 1.8 Practical Textsin I-O Psychology