CHAPTER 3 THE REGIONS OF TEXAS

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Wagon Train Across Texas
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FOUR NATURAL REGIONS OF TEXAS

• GULF COASTAL PLAIN
• CENTRAL PLAINS
• GREAT PLAINS
• INTERMOUNTAIN BASINS AND PLATEAUS

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Texas Natural Regions
Central Plains
Great Plains
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Gulf Coastal Plain
IntermountainBasins and Plateaus
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CENTRAL PLAINS
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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AFFECT
INDUSTRY

• Rich soils support farm industries
• Natural resources have spurred other industries

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PHYSICAL AND HUMAN CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRAL
PLAINS SUBREGIONS

• GRAND PRAIRIE flat and rolling hills,
  grasslands suited for livestock
• CROSS TIMBERS sandy soil good for farming a
  variety of crops
• ROLLING PLAINS grasslands
• hilly terrain steep valley
• rivers suited for cattle and ranches

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The Central Plains
well suited for cattle, otherlivestock Fort
Worth is a largemeat-processing center
limits crops that can be grownto mainly crops
for animal feedcotton in some areas
absorbs water wellvery good for farming many
crops grown from peanuts to corn, cotton, hay
well suited for cattle (valleysshelter
grasslands and riversfood and water) contains
many of the states largest ranches
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Wichita
Location in Texas - Region West of the Caddo along the red river
Housing Round, built of forked pole, covered with dry grass
Dress Painted with tattoos
Food Source Beans, corn, melons, squash, buffalo, deer
Unique Characteristics Farmers and hunters in the Central Plains
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GULF COASTAL PLAIN
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THE GULF COAST PLAINS ADAPTS TO ENVIRONMENT

• Houston petrochemicals, shipping, manufacturing
  
• Dallas banking, manufacturing, corporate
  headquarters
• Laredo trade, farming
• San Antonio tourism,
• military, retail

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COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE SUBREGIONS OF THE GULF
COAST PLAIN

• Piney Woods pine forest, farming, timber
• Gulf Coast Plain prairie, bayous, farming,
  ranching, fishing, ports, oil, petrochemicals
• South Texas Plains warm dry climate, year-round
  farming, ranches
• Post Oak Belt sandy soils,
• prairies, farming, energy resources
• Blackland Prairie rich soil,
• large population, manufacturing

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The Gulf Coastal Plain
timber, farming (fruits, vegetables), cattle
ranching, oil
farming (rice, cotton, grains), livestock,
fishing, shrimping, center of oil industry,
petrochemicals, ports and shipping
farming (Rio Grande valley fruit, vegetables,
sugar-cane) ranching retail and international
trade tourism military bases (San Antonio)
farming (cotton), corn, cattle, hogs) mining
(oil,gas, lignite) manufacturing
farming (cotton, grains, vegetables, cattle,
chickens, hogs) Dallas/Metroplex banking,
insurance, and oil corporate headquarters,
international cotton market,manufacturing,
transportation hub
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Karankawa
Location in Texas Region Gulf Coastal Plains Near present day Galveston South to Corpus Christi Bay
Housing Wigwams circular huts, from bent poles covered with animal skins
Dress Men deer skin breed cloths or nothing Women skirts of deer skin or grass Painted themselves w/ bright colors
Food Source Fished sea turtles and collected shell-fish Hunted deer and small animals
Unique Characteristics Rubbed a ligahor fat and dirt on skin to keep insects away. Gave their children 2 names. Died of disease from Europeans
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Coachuiltecan
Location in Texas Region Gulf Coastal Plains - Southern Texas
Housing Wigwams circular huts, from bent poles covered
Dress Men little clothing Women grass or deerskin skirts Both long hair down to waist
Food Source Buffalo, deer, javelinas, fish, wild plants, eggs, lizards, snakes, spiders, and worms
Unique Characteristics Mitotes all night relebrations of fasting dancing. Attacked by Apache. Died of European disease.
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Atakapa
Location in Texas - Region Between Caddo and the Gulf of Mexico
Housing Huts made from brush
Dress Men breech cloth Women skirts Tattooed their faces
Food Source Corn, wild game, buffalo, alligators, fish, shellfish, berries, nuts, birds eggs
Unique Characteristics Killed by European disease
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Caddo
Location in Texas Region Eastern Texas
Housing Covered wooden poles with grass. Some may have plastered the outside with mud.
Dress Winter clothing from animal skins Summer men deerskin breech cloth Women clothes made from grass and straw
Food Source Crop rotation beans, squash, sunflower seeds, Wild plants, hunted buffalo and deer, fished
Unique Characteristics One of the more complex socities in TX. 3 confederacies Hasinai, Kadohacacho, Natchitoches Martilineal and survived with the Europeans
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INTERMOUNTAIN BASINS AND PLATEAUS
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERMOUNTAIN
BASINS AND PLATEAUS

• Dry desert climate
• Rocky soil
• Mountains, Canyons, Basins
• Plateaus
• Limited Plant Life

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The Intermountain Basins and Plateaus
mountains, plateaus, basins, canyons desert
climate with little rainfall dry rocky soil
limited plant life (desertgrasses, shrubs, cacti)
ranching some farming with irriga- tion oil,
sulfur, silver tourism El Paso (military
bases, Mexican trade, I-10 trade route)
small, concentrated in a few small towns
El Paso (one of the largest Texas cities
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The Pueblo Culture Area
Jumano had no immunity many died
less water for irrigation led to crop failure
plains grasses died, drove buffalo away
by mid-1700s, Jumano lost control of much of
their land
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Jumano
Location in Texas Region Built village along the Rio Grande
Housing Adobe bricks dry clay mud
Dress Clothing and shoes from hides
Food Source Corn and other crops, wild plants and buffalo
Unique Characteristics Killed by European disease
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Great Plains
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TEXANS HAVE ADAPTED TO THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE
GREAT PLAINS

• Used grasslands for farming
• Pumped water for irrigating crops
• Drilled for oil and gas
• Built cities

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PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE GREAT PLAINS

• High and flat
• Caprock prairie with elevation rising to the east
• Escarpments along the eastern and western edges
• Red River forms Palo Duro Canyon

Caprock hard bed of rock below the soil of the
High Plains Escarpment cliffs
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The Great Plains
high flat, Caprock prairie with elevation rising
to east escarpmentson eastern, western edges
Red River forms Palo Duro Canyonlittle
rainfall oil and gas
high, hilly limestone plateau rising and getting
more rugged to westBalcones Escarpment and
Fault, many springs on southern edgemany areas
rocky with thin soil prairie grasses trees
rivers, streamsform deep valleys and canyons
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The Plains Culture Area

• became Plainsnomads
• enhanced ability tohunt, follow buffalo
• in 1700s led toloss of huntinggrounds to Apache

• came to Texasbetween A.D. 1000and 1400
• became Plains nomads
• enhanced ability to hunt, follow buffalo,
  fight, raid
• in time, led to lossof hunting grounds to
  Comanche

• became Plainsnomads
• migrated to Texas
• soon controlled much of theTexas
  Plains(Comanchería)

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Native American Tribe
Tribe Tonkawa
Location in Texas Region North central plains of TX and SE edge of the Edwards Plateau
Housing Tepees animal hide stretched over long poles
Dress Children little or nothing Men long hair Women long or short hair Painted their bodies
Food Source Small animals rabbits, rattle snakes, skunks, berries, fruits, nuts
Unique Characteristics Driven out of hunting grounds by Apache
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Apache
Location in Texas Region West Texas
Housing Tepees
Dress
Food Source Buffalo
Unique Characteristics Skilled at riding horses
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Lipan Apache
Location in Texas Region West edge of Texas hill country to Rio Grande
Housing Tepees
Dress Men hair short on left side, long on right side. Feathers in hair. Both earrings Women Copper Bracelets
Food Source Beans, corn, pumpkins, watermelons, buffalo
Unique Characteristics Skilled at riding horses
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Kiowa
Location in Texas Region
Housing Tepees
Dress Men hair long, over right ear, short
Food Source Buffalo, berries, fruits, nuts
Unique Characteristics Skilled buffalo hunters Allied with the Comanche
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Native American Tribe
Tribe Comanche
Location in Texas Region
Housing Tepees
Dress
Food Source Buffalo
Unique Characteristics Skilled buffalo hunters helped make them wealthy
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