Criminal Justice

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Criminal Justice
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Four components to the system

• Legislative-some examples
• Felon voter right Restored when no longer under
  DOC supervision-State.
• Fairness in Cocaine Sentencing Act
• Federal legislation to eliminate disparity in
  sentencing of crack vs. powder cocaine
• Next step vote by full house

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• 2. Police-issues include
• Police Accountability-Citizens Review Board
• Racial profiling

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• Courts-issues include
• Special courts, e.g. drug court, mental health
  court
• Classism
• Racism
• 14 of drug users are African American-self
  reported
• 35 of arrestees
• 53 of convictions
• 45 of incarcerated

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• Corrections-Issues include
• Rehabilitation vs. punishment
• Increasing emphasis on punishment, e.g. mandatory
  minimums, 3 strikes
• Increased rate of incarceration
• Rate for women increasing 2x that of men
• 1509 of 18,627 are women
• 1/3 of women are in on drug charges 12 overall
• 2/1000 in 1970s 6/1000 in 2006 (WA state)

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Solutions?

• Washington State Institute for Public Policy
  report Evidence-Based Public Policy Options to
  Reduce Future Prison Construction , Criminal
  Justice Costs, and Crime Rates
• An analysis of 571 programs in place for adult
  offenders, juvenile offenders and prevention to
  determined what works and what the economic
  payoff is.
• Motivated by projection of a need for 2
  additional prisons in WA by 2020, possibly a
  third by 2030.

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Surprise, surprise

• Incarceration rates have tripled in WA since the
  1970s6/1000 adults. (1930-19802/1000)
• WA incarceration rate is 56 of natl
• Incarceration rate is expected to grow by 23 by
  2019
• WA crime rate down 26 between 1980 and 2005
• WA criminal justice system costs are up 92, i.e.
  in 1980 cj expenditures were 590/household in
  2005 they were 1,130 (adjusted for inflation).

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Examples of adult programs

• Costs are calculated by determining the benefits
  of the reduction in crime to victims and
  taxpayers minus the costs of the program.
• Vocational education in prison-
• Reduces crime outcomes by 9
• Saves 13,738 per participant
• 2. Drug treatment in community
• Reduces crime by 9.3
• Saves 10,054.00
• Sex offender tx in prison with aftercare
• Reduces crime outcomes by 7
• Costs 3,258 per participant

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Examples of juvenile programs

• Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care
• Reduces crime by 22
• Saves 77,798
• Multisystemic Therapy
• Reduces crime by 10.5
• Saves 18,213
• Functional Family Therapy
• Reduces crime by 15.9
• Saves 31,821
• Scared Straight
• Increases crime by 6.8
• Costs 14,667

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Examples of prevention programs

• Nurse-family partnerships
• Reduces crime by 56.2
• Saves 14,283
• Head Start type programs
• Reduces crime 14.2
• Saves 12,196
• High school graduation
• Reduces crime 10.4
• No estimated savings in this report

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When prevention doesnt work

• Voices of Diversity
• What motivated these people to make changes in
  their lives? Irritation response? Self
  actualization?
• What helped them actually make the changes they
  made?
• What knowledge, skills and attitudes do human
  service staff need to facilitate the clients
  progress?

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A little math will do you good

• The mean The average of a set of numbers.
• The median The number at which half the numbers
  are above and half are below.
• The mode The most frequently occurring number.

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Terms and concepts

• Percentage
• 20 of the population has a mental disorder.
• the incarceration rate will increase by 23.
• Federal poverty guideline
• Rate incarceration rate was 2/1000 until 1980.
  Now it is 6/1000.
• Disproportionality
• The U.S. has 5 of the worlds population and 25
  of the worlds inmates.

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Terms and concepts, cont.

• Statistics may relate success rates. Key
  question How is success defined?
• A program may be described as effective. How is
  effective defined?
• Know who the population is. Starters, completers
  and nonparticipants, for example.

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Human Service Response?

• Communicate with decision makers.
• Media efforts
• Propose alternative sources of funding
• Recruit others to contact media, decision makers,
  etc.
• Build coalitions to weigh in

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The Human Service Role

• Provide direct service
• Communicate with decision makers
• Federal
• State Do you want 2 more prisons built while
  colleges take fewer students?
• County Do you want vice and dom. violence
  investigative units eliminated?
• City
• Advocate favorable legislation
• Initiate laws and policies

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Quiz review

• Define deinstitutionalization
• 4 components of crim. justice system
• Calculate mean, median, percent of
• Understand the income table
• Understand rate vs.
• Define the program and who is served
• SSI
• SSDI
• Civil mental health court
• Criminal mental health court
• DVR
• ADA
• Adult Protective Service