Hazard Communication and Laboratory Safety

1
Hazard Communication and Laboratory Safety

• Jay Abbt,
• Daron White
• Environmental Health Safety Department
• Adapted from TAMUs Lab Safety Program

2
Contents

• Section One
• Safety on Campus
• Section Two
• Hazard Communication
• Section Three
• General Safety
• Section Four
• Chemical Safety
• Section Five
• Emergency Response

SAFETY
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Safety Contacts

• Ethics Point (reporting unsafe conditions)
• 1.888.501.3850
• Emergency (FD, PD, EMS)
• [phone]
• 4-911
• UPD (non-emergency)
• [phone]
• EHS (8-5)
• [phone]/1746
• EMAIL
• ehs_at_pvamu.edu
• Maintenance (Trouble Call)
• [phone]

Emergency 4-911
Section One
4
Environmental Health Safety Programs

• Biological Safety
• Chemical Safety
• CPR, First Aid, AED
• Construction Plan Review
• Defensive Driver
• Fire Life Safety
• Fume Hood Testing
• Spill Response

• Hazard Communication
• Hazardous Waste
• Industrial Hygiene
• Laboratory Safety
• Laser Safety
• Protocol Review
• Radiological Safety
• Safety Inspections
• Safety Training

Section One
5
Reporting Accidents

• Actual Accidents and Injuries Report
  Immediately!
• Near Accidents Inform Supervisor EHS
• Hazardous Conditions Inform Supervisor

FIRST REPORT OF INJURY Completed by
Supervisor http//www.tdi.state.tx.us/forms/dwc/d
wc001rpt.pdf
Section One
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Purpose of Hazard Communication

• To ensure that employers and employees know about
  work hazards and how to protect themselves so
  that the incidence of illnesses and injuries due
  to hazardous chemicals is reduced.

Section Two
7
Texas Hazard Communication

• Applies to all employees working for this state
  who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals under
  normal operating conditions or foreseeable
  emergencies

Section Two
8
Texas Hazard Communication
An official Texas Department of State Health
Services Notice to Employees must be posted at
the location(s) within each workplace where
notices are normally posted
Section Two
9
General HazCom Requirements for Prairie View AM
University

• Laboratory Safety Manual is available at
  http//www.pvamu.edu/pages/547.asp
• Workplace Chemical Lists
• Material Safety Data Sheets
• Labeling
• Training
• Workplace Program

Section Two
10
Laboratory Requirements

• Training
• Supervision
• Material Safety Data Sheets
• Primary and Secondary Container Labeling
• PPE
• Work Area Chemical Inventory (Lab, stockroom,
  and/or bldg list)

Section Two
11
TrainingRequirements

• When assignment begins
• Whenever a New or Increased Hazard is Introduced
• Whenever New and Significant Hazard Information
  is Received for a Chemical in the Work Area

Section Two
12
General Safety Training

• Information on MSDS and how to obtain them
• Information on labels
• Generic information on hazardous chemicals
• First Aid
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Chemical spill clean-up
• Chemical Waste Disposal

Section Two
13
Work Area Specific Training

• Information on hazardous chemicals
• Location of MSDSs
• PPE
• First Aid
• Spill clean-up
• Chemical Waste Disposal

Lab Manager/PI
Section Two
14
Material Safety Data Sheets Requirements

• Readily Accessible
• Work Area File
• Manufacturer/Distributor
• EHS 936.261.1745 / 1746 http//www.pvamu.edu/pa
  ges/547.asp
• Current

Section Two
15
Material Safety Data Sheets Information

• Identification
• Manufacturer Name and Address
• Physical and Chemical Characteristics
• Physical Hazards
• Health Hazards
• Routes of Entry
• Exposure Limits
• Carcinogenicity
• Safe Handling
• Emergency and First-Aid

Section Two
16
Primary Container Labeling

• Identity
• Hazards
• Manufacturer

Section Two
17
Secondary Container Labeling

• Identity (as it appears on the MSDS)
• Hazards (words, pictures and/or symbols)

(In research laboratory, chemicals must be
readily identifiable)
Section Two
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LabelingN.F.P.A. 704
Flash Point 4-Below 73oF 3-Below 100oF 2-Above
100oF Not Exceeding 200oF 1-Above 200oF 0-Will
Not Burn
4-Deadly 3-Extreme Danger 2-Hazardous 1-Sligh
tly Hazardous 0-Normal
4-May Detonate 3-Shock and Heat May
Detonate 2-Violent Chemical Change 1-Unstable if
Heated 0-Stable
Section Two
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Labeling D.O.T.
Section Two
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Labeling

• N.F.P.A.
• D.O.T.

Section Two
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Safety Considerations

• Hazard
• The source of danger (chemical, electrical, hot
  surface, etc.)
• Risk
• The likelihood of occurrence (Taking into account
  the length of exposure to the hazard)
• Consequence
• Outcome Impact (due to exposure to the hazard)

Section Three
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Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Cuts Puncture Wounds
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Temperature
• Projectiles
• Housekeeping

Section Three
23
Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Cuts Puncture Wounds
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Temperature
• Projectiles
• Housekeeping

Section Three
24
Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Cuts Puncture Wounds
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Temperature
• Projectiles
• Housekeeping

Section Three
25
Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Cuts Puncture Wounds
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Temperature
• Projectiles
• Housekeeping

Section Three
26
Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Cuts Puncture Wounds
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Temperature
• Projectiles
• Housekeeping

Section Three
27
Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Cuts Puncture Wounds
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Temperature
• Projectiles
• Housekeeping

Section Three
28
Physical Hazards

• Electrical
• Cuts Puncture Wounds
• Mechanical
• Noise
• Temperature
• Projectiles
• Housekeeping

Section Three
29
Section Three
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Section Three
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Section Three
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Compressed Gases

• Gases -- Toxic, Corrosive, Flammable, Explosive
• Hazards
• Weight
• Sudden release of pressure
• Regulator (appropriate type)
• Properly Secured
• Report any Leaks
• Have Identification
• Know Procedures
• Remove Empty Cylinders

Section Three
33
Liquid Cryogens

• Cryogens, such as liquid nitrogen, oxygen, and
  helium are extremely cold liquids that can
  produce a painful burn.
• Cryogens can expand rapidly and must never be
  contained in a closed system.
• Eyes and bare skin can be injured immediately if
  they come into contact with cryogens.

Section Three
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Liquid Nitrogen Burn to the Hand
Section Three
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What Should I Look For on Cryogenic Cylinders?

• Cylinders should be tested every five years.
  Contact EHS for details.
• Look for swelling (ribbing) of the external tank.
  If evidence exists, contact EHS immediately!

Section Three
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What Should I Look For on Cryogenic Cylinders?

• Report any excessive venting or leakage to the
  vendor and EHS.
• Always check that a pressure relief valve and
  rupture disc are present on the cylinder prior to
  filling or usage

Section Three
37
Pressure Relief Valve and Rupture Disc
Section Three
38
Section Three
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Chemical Storage

• Store by hazard class
• Date when received and when opened
• Separate incompatibles
• Keep from heat/sunlight
• Label properly (secondary container)
• Minimize quantities
• Do not store flammables in household refrigerator
  or freezer
• Protect against spills
• Dispose of outdated, questionable or unneeded

Section Three
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Whats wrong with these pictures?
Section Three
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Whats wrong with this picture?
Section Three
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Whats wrong with this picture?
Section Three
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Whats wrong with this picture?
Section Three
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Section Three
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Hazard Reduction

• Engineering Controls
• Substitution
• Elimination of the hazard
• Administrative (rules, signs, training)
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Section Three
46
Chemical Fume Hood

• Keep sash closed
• Raise large equipment
• Keep equipment at least 6 from face
• Keep clean
• Not for storage
• No perchloric acid
• Do not modify
• Do not block airflow
• Avoid rapid movement

Section Three
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Whats wrong with this picture?
Section Three
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Personal Protective Equipment

• Eyes
• Safety Glasses, Chemical Splash Goggles, Full
  Face Shield (with protective eyewear)
• Hands
• Appropriate Type of Gloves
• Body
• Lab Coat, Apron, Tie Long Hair Back, Closed Toe
  Shoes, and Other Appropriate Clothing
• Respiratory
• Dust Mask, Full and Half Face Respirators, SCBA

Section Three
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Hazardous Waste

• Use appropriate container
• No Incompatible Waste
• Allow for expansion
• Keep closed
• Label Hazardous Waste
• Identify contents

Section Three
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Hazardous Waste

• Deface container label
• Complete Hazardous Waste Tag
• Contact EHS for vendor information so you can
  purchase tags to have available for use.

Section Three
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Hazardous Materials Shipping
Section Three
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Corrosives

• Destroy tissue at the point of contact
• Acids
• Bases
• Dehydrating Agents
• Strong Oxidizing Agents

Section Four
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Working with Corrosives

• Protect Eyes and Skin
• Work in Hood
• Large Quantities
• Wear protective clothing
• A-W Dilution

Section Four
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Contact with Corrosives

• Remove contaminated clothing
• Rinse in safety shower or eyewash for at least 15
  minutes
• Seek Medical Attention

Section Four
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Reactives

• Undergo violent reaction under certain conditions
• Explosive
• Readily Polymerize
• Water Reactive
• Air Reactive
• Strong Oxidizers

Section Four
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Working with Reactives

• Preplan to reduce exposure
• Isolate from cause of reaction
• Storage
• Separate from other chemicals
• Keep in Cool/dry area
• Out of sunlight

Section Four
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When Reactive React

• Emergency Equipment
• Fire Extinguisher
• Respiratory Equipment
• Contact
• Flush for 15 minutes
• (except with water reactives)

Section Four
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Flammable Liquids

• Any liquid that has a flash point below 100oF
• Differs from Combustible Liquid (Any liquid that
  has a flash point at or above 100oF)

Section Four
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Flammable Solids

• A solid that is liable to cause fires through
  friction, absorption of moisture, etc. or which
  can be readily ignited (I.E. sodium metal)

Section Four
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Flammables Key Terms

• Flash point The temperature at which vapors burn
  when ignited
• Fire Point The temperature at which liquid burns
  when ignited
• Autoignition temperature The lowest temperature
  at which a substance will ignite spontaneously
  (without ignition source)

Section Four
61
Defining Flammable Limits

• Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) The mixture of
  substance and air is too rich to burn (not enough
  oxygen)
• Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) The mixture of
  substance and air lacks sufficient fuel
  (substance) to burn

Section Four
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Working with Flammables

• Remove Ignition Source (heat or spark)
• Keep away from oxidizers and combustible
  materials
• Work in a fume hood or a well ventilated area

Section Four
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Storage of Flammables

• Well ventilated area
• Flammable storage cabinet
• Lab-safe refrigerator
• Isolated from incompatible chemicals

Section Four
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When there is a Fire

• Fire Extinguishers
• Building Alarms
• Building Procedures

Section Four
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Toxins

• Cause illness or injury by upsetting biological
  functions or damaging biological structures
• Acute exposure
• Chronic exposure
• Dose-response relationship
• sola dosis facit venenum
• -Paracelsus

Section Four
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Factors affecting Toxicity

• Dosage
• Duration of exposure
• Exposure to other chemicals
• Mixtures
• Routes of entry
• Physical health
• Inherited parameters
• Sensitivity to the chemical

Section Four
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Types of Toxins

• Carcinogens
• cause growth of abnormal tissue
• Reproductive Toxins
• interfere with reproduction of adult
• Teratogens
• interfere with embryo/fetus development

Section Four
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Types of Toxins

• Mutagens
• alters DNA
• Neurotoxins
• damage nervous system

Section Four
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Working with Toxins

• Safe levels of exposure are established by three
  entities NIOSH, OSHA, and ACGIH

Section Four
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Working with Toxins

• Explanation of acronyms
• REL Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)
• PEL Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
• TLV Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH)

Section Four
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Working with Toxins

• Explanation of acronyms
• STEL Short Term Exposure Limit
• IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
• C - Ceiling value (a concentration that must not
  be exceeded during any part of the work day)
• TWA - Time-Weighted Average

Section Four
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Example from NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical
Hazards

• Hydrogen fluoride (HF)
• CAS 7664-39-3
• Exposure Limits
• NIOSH REL TWA 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m3) C 6 ppm (5
  mg/m3) 15-minute
• OSHA PEL TWA 3 ppm
• IDLH 30 ppm
• Conversion 1 ppm 0.82 mg/m3

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Working with Toxins

• Read MSDS for exposure limits and proper handling
  information
• Use Fume Hood
• Proper Protective Gear
• No food or drinks in lab

Section Four
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Working with Toxins

• When in doubt, contact EHS
• Information
• Monitoring
• Recommendations

Section Four
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Contact Phone Numbers

• Emergency
• 4-911
• [phone]
• EHS
• [phone] / 1746

Section Five
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First Aid

• Remove contaminated clothing
• Flush with water
• (at least 15 minutes)
• Chemical specific first aid
• Medical attention call [phone]

Section Five
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Safety Equipment to look for
Section Five
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Chemical Spill Clean-up

• Rule of thumb you can clean the spill up
  yourself if it can be done without hurting
  yourself or others and its not an emergency or
  likely to become an emergency.
• If not, call 4-911.
• If you do clean it up you are still required to
  call EHS.

Section Five
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Chemical Spill Clean-up

• Develop plan of action
• Know when to call for HELP!
• How to contain spill
• Who is responsible for the clean up
• How to Decontaminate the area

Section Five
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Chemical Spill Clean-up

• Identify chemical
• Protect yourself
• Notify others
• Attend to injured or exposed
• Clean up or Call for help

Section Five
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Conclusion

• Know the safety contact numbers
• Report any accidents immediately
• Have the appropriate training when a new hazard
  is introduced
• Use a current MSDS to know the characteristics of
  each chemical
• Label all containers with their contents

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Conclusion

• Know the hazards and risks in your lab and the
  consequences of an incident
• Keep in mind the safety of compressed gas and
  cryogenic cylinders
• Practice good chemical storage and handling
  techniques
• Wear the Proper Protective Equipment at all times

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Conclusion

• Use the fume hood when appropriate and operate
  properly
• Label and dispose of hazardous waste
  appropriately
• Know the specific hazards of the chemicals you
  will be working with
• Know the proper first aid procedures for the
  chemicals you will be working with
• Know where your safety equipment is located

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A SAFE ATTITUDE IS CONTAGIOUS ! - PASS IT ON -