Developmental Timeline for Engineering

1
Developmental Timeline for Engineering

• Chapter One, EYF

2
Progress of engineering is a continuum

• History allows for understanding where we have
  been, where we are, and where we are going
• History is about people and accomplishments
• Study of history helps us create new futures and
  understand what good qualities from the past are
  worth repeating and continuing

3
Definition of Engineering

• The profession in which knowledge of the
  mathematical and natural sciences, gained by
  study, experience, and practice, is applied with
  judgment to develop ways to use, economically,
  the materials and forces of nature for the
  benefit of mankind.
• -ABET

http//www.abet.org
4
Prehistoric Culture

• Designed and built needed items by trial and
  error, using intuition
• Lack of communication and transportation
  prevented sharing of knowledge among
  civilizations
• Knowledgeable about surroundings, craftsmanship
  was marvelous in effectiveness, integrity and
  intricacy, and information was passed down from
  generations very seriously

5
Prehistoric Culture cont.
Cave painting in Matobo Hills, Zimbabwe

• Physical limitations of prehistoric man
• No known written language
• Oral language limited
• No significant means of transportation
• No concept of formal education
• No specialized methodology for discovery
• Survived by gathering food and hunting with
  primitive weapons
• Material aspects of life came about slowly

http//www.netsnake.com/sigrid/gallery/gallery1.ht
ml
6
The Speed of History
Notre Dame

• Innovations introduced far more rapidly now than
  in the past 6000 years
• Years to accomplish tasks finished in a very
  short amount of time
• Up to 200 years to build one church!
• Proper connection to God, truth, justice, fate,
  reality, life, and ancestry was goal of early
  science in many cultures

http//groody.free.fr/divers/photos/portfolio/file
s/notre-dame.jpg
7
Engineerings Beginnings

• Foundations of engineering were laid with our
  ancestors efforts to survive and improve quality
  of life.
• Every person was part of a community, not
  separate of it.
• To an extent, everyone was an engineer
• Modern aborigines and the Amish live like their
  ancestors, while taking advantage of modern
  technologies (tools, motors, medicine) but still
  preserving their culture.

www.harmony.mn.us/ phototour.html
8
Egypt and Mesopotamia

• Between 4000 and 2000 B.C., focal points for
  engineering
• Stone tools, copper and bronze axes, plow, wheel,
  sailing boat, and methods of writing helped
  improved the way of life

Mesopotamias First System of Writing
http//www.openschool.bc.ca/courses/ss7/mesopotami
a/lesson7.html
9
Pyramid Design and Construction

• 2700 - 500 B.C.
• Engineering tactics
• Stones properly transported
• Stones effectively lifted into place
• Everything fit
• Tombs secure against robbery
• Stepped Pyramid at Sakkara
• About 2700 B.C.
• Chief Engineer Imhotep to King Zoser

Stepped Pyramid in Sakkara
www.biblicalisraeltours.com/ photos99/99pics.htm
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The Great Pyramid of Khufu

• Constructed about 200 years after the Stepped
  Pyramid of Sakkara
• Largest masonry structure ever built
• Base 756 ft. each side
• 480 ft. tall
• Over 2.3 million limestone blocks used
• Weigh over 58 million tons
• Casing blocks of fine limestone were attached to
  all four sides
• Removed for other uses throughout the years

http//puffin.creighton.edu/museums/cohagan/giza_g
reat.htm
11
Outline of Engineering History

• Modern age, inventions appear to narrow, with
  much focus on computers.
• The following slides contain significant
  engineering innovations throughout history.

Original McMicken Hall used for Engineering at
the University of Cincinnati circa 1892
http//www.uc.edu/news/enghist.htm
12
1200 B.C. - A.D. 1

• Quality of wrought iron is improved
• Swords are mass produced
• Siege towers perfected
• Greeks develop manufacturing
• Archimedes introduces mathematics in Greece
• Concrete is used for arched bridges, roads, and
  aqueducts in Rome

Roman Aqueduct
http//lpn.rotospeed.net/tertium_millennium.htm?ro
me_10
13
A.D. 1 - 1000

• Chinese further develop the study of mathematics
• Gunpowder is perfected
• Cotton and silk are manufactured

http//www.maths.adelaide.edu.au/people/pscott/his
tory/mark/mhains.html
14
1000 - 1400

• Growth in the silk and glass industry
• Leonardo Fibonacci (1170-1240), medieval
  mathematician, writes the first text on algebra

The Fibonacci Quilt
http//www.durham.edu.on.ca/oame/puzzles/fibonacci
.htm
15
1400 - 1700

• Federigo Giambelli constructs the first time bomb
• First water closet invented in England
• Christian Huygens begins work on a
  pendulum-driven clock
• Charles II charters the Royal Society
• Isaac Newton constructs a reflecting telescope
• Leibniz makes a calculating machine to multiply
  and divide

How a Reflecting Telescope Works
http//zebu.uoregon.edu/js/glossary/reflecting_te
lescope.html
16
1700 - 1800
Eddystone Lighthouse

• Industrial Revolution begins
• Leyden jar stores a large charge of electricity
• James Watt makes the first rotary engine
• Ecole des Ponts et Chausses, first civil
  engineering school established by Louis XV
• Society of Engineers formed in London
• David Bushnell designs first human-carrying
  submarine
• John Smeaton completes construction of Eddystone
  lighthouse

http//www.btinternet.com/k.trethewey/images/eddy
53.gif
17
1800 - 1825
First Miners Safety Lamp

• Automation first used in France
• First railroad locomotive unveiled
• Chemical symbols as used today are developed
• Safety lamp for protecting miners is first used
• Simple wire telegraph is developed
• Photography is born
• Electromagnetism is studied
• Thermocouple is invented
• Aluminum is prepared

http//www.pastperfect.org.uk/sites/woodhorn/archi
ve/1433.html
18
1825 - 1875
Postcard of First Oil Well

• Rubber is vulcanized by Robert Goodyear in U.S.
• Rotary printing press comes into service
• Reinforced concrete is used
• Sewing machine invented
• Henry Bessemer originates process to mass-produce
  steel cheaply
• First oil well drilled near Titusville, PA
• Typewriter is perfected
• Challenge Expedition (1871 - 1876) forms basis
  for future oceanographic study

http//www.rootsweb.com/usgenweb/pa/crawford/post
cards/ppcs-crawford.html
19
1875 - 1900

• Alexander Graham Bell Patents first telephone
• Thomas Edison invents phonograph and incandescent
  light bulb
• Gasoline engine invented by Gottlieb Daimler
• Karl Benz introduces automobile
• Steam turbine appears

Karl Benzs Automobile
http//autostadt.hornecker-online.de/benz_patent-m
otorwagen.html
20
1900 - 1925

• Wright brothers complete first sustained flight
• Detroit becomes center of auto industry
• Stainless steel introduced in Germany
• Diesel engine tractors produced by Ford
• First commercial airplane service between London
  and Paris commences
• Diesel locomotives appear

Fords First Automobile Plow
http//www.ssbtractor.com/features/Ford_tractors.h
tml
21
1925 - 1950

• Modern sound recordings introduced
• John Logie Baird invents a high-speed mechanical
  scanning system
• Leads to development of television
• Volkswagen Beetle goes into production
• First nuclear bombs are used
• Transistor is invented

World War II Kommandeurwagen
http//money.cnn.com/2003/07/10/pf/autos/bc.autos.
volkswagen.beetle/
22
1950 - 1975

• Computers first enter the commercial market
• In common use by 1960
• Sputnik 1 (USSR), first artificial satellite,
  goes into space
• Explorer I (first U.S.) follows
• LASER is introduced
• Manned space flight begins
• First communication satellite, Telstar, goes into
  orbit
• Integrated circuits introduced
• First manned moon landing occurs

Sputnik 1
Explorer I
http//www.wiw.pl/astronomia/0401-badania.asp
http//www.redstone.army.mil/history/explorer/expl
orer.html
23
1975 - 1990

• Supersonic transport from U.S. to Europe begins
• Cosmonauts orbit the Earth for a record 180 days
• Columbia space shuttle is launched and reused for
  space travel
• First artificial heart is implanted

First Artificial Heart Implant
http//library.thinkquest.org/5171/hhis.html
24
1990 - Today

• Hubble Space Telescope is carried into orbit
  (1990) in space shuttle Discovery
• Internet Society is chartered
• 1 million host computers connected in a network
• Computer processor speeds dramatically improve
• Channel Tunnel (Chunnel) between England and
  France is completed
• MP3 audio format traded widely through computer
  servers

Hubble Space Telescope
http//www.astr.ua.edu/keel/telescopes/hst.html
25
1990 - Today cont.
Petronas Towers Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

• Worlds newest tallest building opens in Kuala
  Lumpur, Malaysia
• Global Positioning Satellite technology is
  declassified
• Hundreds of safety, weather, and consumer
  applications available
• High Definition Television signals/products
  become available
• Genetic code of a human chromosome is mapped
• Robots walk on Mars

http//www.asienreise.com/bal/malaysia/kuala_lumpu
r.htm