WATER POLLUTION

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WATER POLLUTION
NAME JASMEEN V. MARU BRANCH MECHANICAL 1 ST
YEAR ROLL NO. 195 CLASS B BATCH B2 SUBJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
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Water on Earth

• Main articles Hydrology and Water distribution
  on Earth                              
• A graphical distribution of the locations of
  water on Earth.
• Water covers 71 of the Earth's surface the
  oceans contain 97.2 of the Earth's water.
• The Antarctic ice sheet, which contains 90 of
  all fresh water on Earth, is visible at the
  bottom. Condensed atmospheric water can be seen
  as clouds, contributing to the Earth's albedo.
• Hydrology is the study of the movement,
  distribution, and quality of water throughout the
  Earth. The study of the distribution of water is
  hydrography. The study of the distribution and
  movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, of
  glaciers is glaciology, of inland waters is
  limnology and distribution of oceans is
  oceanography. Ecological processes with hydrology
  are in focus of ecohydrology.

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WATER POLLUTION

• Water pollution is the contamination of water
  bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater).
• Water pollution affects plants and organisms
  living in these bodies of water and, in almost
  all cases the effect is damaging either to
  individual species and populations, but also to
  the natural biological communities.
• Water pollution occurs when pollutants are
  discharged directly or indirectly into water
  bodies without adequate treatment to remove
  harmful compounds.

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SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION.

• 1) INDUSTRY
• Industry is a huge source of water pollution, it
  produces pollutants that are extremely harmful to
  people and the environment.
• Many industrial facilities use freshwater to
  carry away waste from the plant and into rivers,
  lakes and oceans.
• Pollutants from industrial sources include
• Asbestos This pollutant is a serious health
  hazard . Asbestos fibres can be inhaled and cause
  illnesses such as asbestosis, lung cancer,
  intestinal cancer and liver cancer.
• Lead This is a metallic element and can cause
  health and environmental problems. It is a
  non-biodegradable substance so is hard to clean
  up once the environment is contaminated. Lead is
  harmful to the health of many animals, including
  humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodily
  enzymes.

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2) OIL POLLUTION IN WATER

• Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis from
  oil spills, routine shipping, run-offs and
  dumping.
• Oil spills make up about 12 of the oil that
  enters the ocean. The rest come from shipping
  travel, drains and dumping.
• An oil spill from a tanker is a severe problem
  because there is such a huge quantity of oil
  being spilt into one place.
• Oil spills cause a very localised problem but can
  be catastrophic to local marine wildlife such as
  fish, birds and sea otters.
• Oil cannot dissolve in water and forms a thick
  sludge in the water. This suffocates fish, gets
  caught in the feathers of marine birds stopping
  them from flying and blocks light from
  photosynthetic aquatic plants.

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HARMS OF WATER POLLUTION

• Virtually all types of water pollution are
  harmful to the health of humans and animals.
  Water pollution may not damage our health
  immediately but can be harmful after long term
  exposure. Different forms of pollutants affect
  the health of animals in different ways
• Heavy metals from industrial processes can
  accumulate in nearby lakes and rivers. These are
  toxic to marine life such as fish and shellfish,
  and subsequently to the humans who eat them.
• Industrial waste often contains many toxic
  compounds that damage the health of aquatic
  animals and those who eat them. Some of the
  toxins in industrial waste may only have a mild
  effect whereas other can be fatal. They can cause
  immune suppression, acute poisoning.
• Microbial pollutants from sewage often result in
  infectious diseases that infect aquatic life and
  terrestrial life through drinking water.
  Microbial water pollution is a major problem in
  the developing world, with diseases such as
  cholera and typhoid fever being the primary cause
  of infant mortality.

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MAKING OURSELVES SAFE
Water fit for human consumption is called
drinking water or potable water. Water that is
not potable can be made potable by filtration or
distillation (heating it until it becomes water
vapor, and then capturing the vapor without any
of the impurities it leaves behind), or by other
methods (chemical or heat treatment that kills
bacteria). Sometimes the term safe water is
applied to potable water of a lower quality
threshold . Water that is not fit for drinking
but is not harmful for humans when used for
swimming or bathing is called by various names
other than potable or drinking water, and is
sometimes called safe water, or "safe for
bathing". Chlorine is a skin and mucous membrane
irritant that is used to make water safe for
bathing or drinking. Its use is highly technical
and is usually monitored by government
regulations (typically 1 part per million (ppm)
for drinking water, and 12 ppm of chlorine not
yet reacted with impurities for bathing water).
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SOME AREAS WHICH ARE POLLUTED
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What is Sewage treatment

• Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater
  treatment, is the process of removing
  contaminants from wastewater and household
  sewage, both runoff and domestic. It includes
  physical, chemical, and biological processes to
  remove physical, chemical and biological
  contaminants.

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ITS OBJECTIVES

• Its objective is to produce a waste stream (or
  treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge
  suitable for discharge or reuse back into the
  environment. This material is often inadvertently
  contaminated with many toxic organic and
  inorganic compounds.

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HOW DOES IT GET CREATED?

• Sewage is created by residences, institutions,
  and commercial and industrial establishments. Raw
  influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid
  from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks,
  and so forth that is disposed of via sewers.
• In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste
  from industry and commerce. A lot of sewage also
  includes some surface water from roofs or
  hard-standing areas.
• Municipal wastewater therefore includes
  residential, commercial, and industrial liquid
  waste discharges, and may include storm water
  runoff.
• Examples of treatment processes used for storm
  water include sedimentation basins, wetlands,
  buried concrete vaults with various kinds of
  filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse
  solids

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USES OF WATER

• There are lots of uses of water. They are listed
  below
• Water is used for drinking, washing , bathing ,
  etc.
• Its also used for irrigation purpose.
• A lot of water is used to make food. Almost every
  food contains water

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MORE USES OF WATER

• Water is also used in industry
• Water is used in dams to manufacture
  hydro-electricity
• Its also used in vehicles to make the temperature
  of the engine to cool down.
• Its also used in construction work.

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RIVERS ACTION PLAN

• There are lots of river action plans taken by the
  government taken to make the rivers pollution
  less.
• In the few slides after this you will see about
  the few two India's river action plans.

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GANGA ACTION PLAN

• An plan was setup to save river Ganga.
• The plan was launched in 1985.
• It was aimed to reduce the pollution levels in
  the ganga.
• But, the increasing population and
• industrialization have already damaged
• this mighty river beyond repair.

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YAMUNA ACTION PLAN

• This plan was setup to save river Yamuna.
• It was launched in 1993.
• It had a plan to restore the river yamuna to its
  past glory.
• There were two plans setup named as YAP-I and
  YAP-II.

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Dos and Donts of water pollution
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Dos

• Reuse of water whenever possible, Kitchen water
  can be used for watering the plant.
• Plan your kitchen activity to avoid wastage of
  fuel and water.
• Plastic materials can be a murder weapons for
  wildlife, minimise their use. Blown from land and
  roadsides, they often end up in the water, where
  they can entangle and kill birds and fishes.

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More Dos

• Take showers instead of baths. Showers use less
  water - if you limit them to five minutes.
  Install low-flow shower-heads
• Use sprinkler for irrigation.
• Use scientific method of application fertilizers.
  .
• Run your dishwasher, washing machine, and dryer
  only when you have full loads. When possible,
  use an outdoor clothesline instead of a clothes
  dryer.
• Fix leaks promptly. A dripping joint can waste
  more than 76 liters of water a day. .

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DONT'S

• Don't keep on the tap running while having,
  bath, brushing teeth, or washing dishes it wastes
  about 2 liters of water every minute.
• Dont hose down your lawn or corridor to clean
  it. Sweep it off.
• Dont wash the clothes and kitchen utensils in
  the water bodies
• Dont litter. When camping, keep the areas clean.

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More Dont s

• Avoid throwing flowers, sweets, puja materials
  into a river. It will degrade the quality of
  water. The river wont be happy with this.
• Avoid throwing dead bodies in a river. This will
  ultimately landing in the mouth of dogs, vultures
  other animals.
• Never dump anything into the water bodies.
• Avoid use of weedicides

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SAVE THE EARTH AND ITS WATER
ITS THE ONLY ONE WE HAVE
THANK YOU