Introduction:%20Parasitology

1
Introduction Parasitology

• Somboon Sangmaneedet

2
Parasite ?????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????

Host ?????

• ???????????

3
Symbiosis ????????????????????????????

• Mutualism
• ???? 2 ????????????????????????????
• Commensalism
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  
• Parasitism
• ?????????????????????????

4
Technical Terms

• Endoparasite
• ??????????????????????????????????

5

• Ectoparasite
• ???????????????????????????????????

6

• Temporary parasite
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????

7

• Permanent parasite
• ?????????????????????????????????????????

8

• Obligatory parasite
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????

9

• Periodic parasite
• ????????????????????????????????????????

10

• Facultative parasite
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????

11

• Incidental parasite
• ???????????????????????????????????????

12

• Erratic / Aberrant parasite
• ????????????????????????????????????????

13

• Larva
• ???????????????????

14

• Juvenile / Immature parasite
• ????????????????????????????????????

15

• Adult / mature parasite
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???

16

• Free living stage of parasite
• ????????????????????????????????????

17

• Infective stage of parasite
• ???????????????????????????????????????????

18

• Definitive / Final host
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????

19

• Intermediate host
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????

20

• Paratenic / Transport host
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ??

21

• Reservoir host
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????

22

• Carrier
• ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ?????????????????????

23

• Vector
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????

24

• Biological vector
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????

25

• Mechanical vector
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

26

• Life cycle
• ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????

27

• Indirect life cycle
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????

28

• Direct life cycle
• ???????????????????????????????????????????

29

• Prepatent period
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
  ???????

30

• Hypobiosis
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????

31
????????????????????????????

• ?????????????
• ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????

• ?????????????????????
• ???????????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????

32

• ??????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????
• ??????????????????????????
• ????????????????
• ????????????????

33
Parasite vs Immunity

• acquire Immunity
• ?????? ???? ???
• passive Immunity
• Humoral immunity IgA, IgE
• Cell mediated immunity mast cell

34
Nomenclature

• Binomial nomenclature (genus species)
• Phylum Nemathelminthes
• Class Nematoda
• Order Strongylida
• Family Trichostrongylidae
• Genus Haemonchus
• Species controtus

35
PARASITOLOGY

1. Helminthology
2. Protozoology
3. Arthropodology

36
Helminthology

• Phylum Nemathelminthes round worm
• Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Class Trematoda flat worm
• Class Cestoda tape worm
• Phylum Acanthocephala
• Thorny-head worm

37
Introduction Nematodes

• Morphology
• ???????? ????????? ?????????????????
• ????????????? Tetrameres

38

• Integumentary system
• ???????????????????? 3 ????
• 1. ??????? cuticle
• 2. ???????? hypodermis
• 3. ?????? muscle

39
Cuticular layer

• Three layer
• Outer membrane, cortical layer, inner membrane
• Modification
• Hook
• Cephalic collar
• Cervical ala
• Caudal ala

40
Hypodermis (subcuticular layer)

• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????
• ????????????????? longitudinal lines
• ???????? lateral lines (excretory canals)

41
???????????????? alimentary system

• Mouth
• Lips papillae
• Ascarid 3 lips
• Spirulid 3 lips
• Strongylid, filarid no lip
• Amphids Phasmids
• chemoreceptor

42

• No lip
• Strongylidae
• External leafcrown
• Internal leafcrown
• Buccal capsule
• Teeth
• Pharynx
• Oesophagus

43
Oesophagus

• Filariform type

L2, 3, 4, 5 of nematodes parasitic
threadworms adult of strongyles
44
Rhabditiform
free-living threadworms L1 of nematodes
45
Strongyliform (bulb or club-shaped)
ascarids (round worms)
46
Oxyuriform (double-bulb-shaped)
oxyurids (pinworms)
47
spiruriform 2 parts muscular / glandular
spirurids
48
trichuriform stichosomes stichocytes
Trichurids (whipworms)
49
INTESTINE rectum cloaca anus tail
EXCRETORY SYSTEM excretory pore (antero-ventral
opening) lateral excretory canal / vessel
NERVOUS SYSTEM ganglia / nerve ring
50
sensory organs A. chemoreceptors 1. peribuccal
region amphids 2. posterior part phasmids
PHASMIDIA or SECERNENTIA APHASMIDIA or
ADENOPHOREA
51
sensory organs B. tactoreceptors 1. cervical
papillae (derids) 2. caudal / cephalic / lateral
papillae 3. genital papillae
52
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE testis vas deferens /
seminal vesicle (--gtcloaca) spicule /
gubernaculum muscle
53
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE ovary / oviduct /
seminal receptacle (spermatheca) uterus /
vagina ovijector muscle vulva
54
DEVELOPMENT OF NEMATODES
fertilized egg zygote morula larva
(L1) L2 L3 L4 L5 (young adult) adult
lt------------
first molting second molting third molting fourth
molting
lt-------------------
lt-------------------
lt-----
55
OVIPAROUS OVOVIVIPAROUSVIVIPAROUS
EGGS OF NEMATODES
56
LIFE CYCLES 1. Direct life cycle a.
egg--hatched--gtL1--L2--L3(infective stage)
oral / percutanous b. egg--gtnot
hatched--gtinfective egg oral
57
2. Indirect life cycle a. egg--gtL--gtinter.
host--gt oral route (FH) b. egg--gtinter.
host--gtoral route(FH) c. L(circulatory system
of host)--gt inter. host --gtbiting--gtFinal
host
58
Phylum Nemathelminthes Class Nematoda Subclass
Secernentia or Phasmidia ORDER ASCARIDAORDER
OXYURIDAORDER RHABDITIDAORDER
STRONGYLIDAORDER SPIRURIDA Subclass
Adenophorea or Aphasmidia Phylum
Acanthocephala
59
1.
3.
5.
4.
2.
6.
a. Trichuriform b. Oxyuriform c.
Rhabditiform d. Filariform e. Strongyliform f.
Spiruriform