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Research Integrity and Research Ethics

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Title: Research Integrity and Research Ethics


1
Research Integrity and Research Ethics
  • Catherine Fieulleteau
  • Ethics Integrity Manager

2
Research Integrity
  • The University has a responsibility to ensure
  • that research is conducted with integrity
  • and good research practices are upheld.
  • The University conducts high quality,
  • innovative research and is guided by the
  • principles and standards outlined in The
  • Concordat to Support Research Integrity,
  • Research Governance Framework for
  • Health and Social care and other
  • documents.
  • Source The Concordat to Support Research
    Integrity, 2012 http//www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/h
    ighereducation/Documents/2012/TheConcordatToSuppor
    tResearchIntegrity.pdf

3
Research Integrity
  • The core elements of research integrity
  • are
  • Honesty in all aspects of research.
  • Accountability in the conduct of research.
  • Professional courtesy and fairness in working
    with others.
  • Good stewardship of research on behalf of others.
  • Source Singapore Statement, 2010
    http//www.singaporestatement.org/

4
Research Integrity
  • Demonstrate openness and transparency when
    reporting results including sharing negative
    results.
  • Acknowledge all contributors who had significant
    involvement in the research. Provide a full and
    accurate bibliography.
  • Comply with all legal, ethical and contractual
    requirements.
  • Source The Concordat to Support Research
    Integrity, 2012 http//www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/h
    ighereducation/Documents/2012/TheConcordatToSuppor
    tResearchIntegrity.pdf

5
Experienced and New Researchers
  • The University recognises that both senior
    researchers and new researchers should understand
    their responsibilities.
  • Researchers should be aware of and keep actively
    up-to-date with research integrity issues.
  • Comply with legal and ethical requirements when
    conducting or collaborating in research in other
    countries. Both UK and legislation of the other
    countries must be observed.

6
Background
  • In the 20th century significant abuses prompted
    action to improve the governance of research
    ethics, including
  • Nazi atrocities including scientific
    experimentation on human beings without consent.
  • Medical research conducted without informed
    consent, such as Tuskegee Syphilis Study and
    Thalidomide drug testing.
  • Increased research governance has meant that an
    appropriate functioning system of ethical
    scrutiny in research Institutions should be in
    force, to ensure that there is an explicit
    discussion of ethical concerns before a project
    goes ahead.

7
When is ethical approval required?
  • Research involving the following requires ethical
    approval
  • Human participants including simple, anonymous
    questionnaires, interviewing professionals at
    their place of work, focus groups, observations
    and taught courses/practicals.
  • Human data, personal, sensitive data even if
    anonymised, may require ethical approval.
  • Research on animals.
  • Raises social and environmental issues.

8
Why is ethical approval necessary?
  • Protects the safety and well-being of research
    participants.
  • Protects researchers.
  • Ensures you conduct your research to high ethical
    standards. Protecting integrity of ethics.
  • Informed consent (written where possible) or
    recorded verbal consent.
  • Meet the criteria of funding bodies/sponsors.

9
UEL Ethics Committees
  • University Research Ethics Committee (UREC)
    reviews research involving
  • human subjects submitted by staff, PhD, MPhil,
    professional doctorates and Masters by research
    students.
  • School Research Ethics Committees (SRECs) review
    applications for ethical approval from
  • undergraduate and taught Masters students.
  • Source UEL Research Ethics web page
  • http//www.uel.ac.uk/gradschool/ethics/

10
UEL Ethics Committees
  • Collaborative Research Ethics Committees (CRECs)
    are Partner Institutions of UEL who conduct
    research with human subjects or human data.
  • UREC, SRECs and CRECs are made up of a Chair,
    Deputy Chair and subject area representatives
    reflecting the mix of School disciplines within
    each Committee.
  • Each discipline at UEL has a SREC that reviews
    applications for ethical approval. This includes
    non health/medical research for all Schools
    Social Sciences, Law, Business, Education,
    Engineering, Arts and Humanities, as well as
    Health, Sport and Bioscience.
  • Staff and students conducting research with human
    participants must obtain ethical approval. UEL
    does not grant retrospective approval.

11
What does UREC look for?
  • Design of the study rationale, hypothesis
  • Expertise/experience of researchers
  • Benefits of the research present or future?
  • Recruitment of participants approach.
  • Care and protection of participants.
  • Informed consent!
  • Confidentiality.
  • Risks minimised.
  • Compliance issues DPA, DBS and legal
    regulations.

12
Recruitment Documents
  • Information Sheets
  • Given in advance.
  • Lay language and age appropriate.
  • I.S. for each group of participants. In writing
    (preferable) or script to be read.
  • Understandable by all participants, e.g. parents,
    guardians and children.
  • Emphasise that participation in the study is
    voluntary.
  • State right to withdraw and deadlines for
    withdrawal of data, normally up to the point of
    anonymisation.
  • State whether you hope to publish the data.

13
Recruitment Documents
  • Consent Forms
  • Given in advance.
  • Must obtain consent from relevant authorities and
    gatekeeper organisations.
  • Permission to publish the data.
  • Researchers should provide
  • Draft interview topic guide, copy of
    questionnaire(s), permission letters and adverts
    for the study.
  • IMPORTANT
  • Apply for ethical approval in good time!

14
Processes for submission
  • UREC and SRECs processes differ.
  • Applications made to UREC are required to use
    UREC application form and template recruitment
    documents.
  • One hard, ink-signed copy of the full
    application, including recruitment documents
    should be submitted.
  • One electronic copy of the full application form
    in PDF format should be emailed to
    researchethics_at_uel.ac.uk.
  • UREC will not accept applications that do not
    bear an ink-signed signature.
  • Source UEL Research Ethics web page
    http//www.uel.ac.uk/gradschool/ethics/

15
SREC Process for submission
  • SRECs may have a simpler, condensed version of
    the research ethics application form.
  • Recruitment documents are still required. All
    applications should include an Information Sheet
    and a Consent Form, where applicable.
  • Each SREC has its own procedures for granting
    ethical approval. Supervisors should be aware of
    the processes. Consult the SREC Chair for
    guidance.
  • Any amendments to approved applications, however
    minor, must be submitted to the relevant research
    ethics committee.

16
Research requiring NHS Approval
  • NHS Research Ethics Committees (RECS) review
    research involving
  • Patients, users of the NHS and their carers.
  • Patients who fall under the Mental Capacity Act
    2005.
  • Research governed by Human Tissue Act 2004
  • Social Care Research Ethics Committees review all
    social care research funded by the Department of
    Health. Applies to users of the social care
    system.

17
Responsibilities of staff and students
  • Academic staff members involved in the
    supervision and development of other researchers
    must be aware of their responsibilities and
    ensure that they have the necessary training,
    time and resources to carry out that role.
    Academic staff should request support, if
    required.
  • Research staff and students, at all levels, are
    expected to comply with all legal, ethical and
    other requirements or guidelines that apply to
    research.
  • UEL Code of Practice for Research, June 2013
    http//www.uel.ac.uk/gradschool/currentstudents/li
    brary/

18
Training
  • Research Integrity Modules - provide guidance and
    support to conduct high quality research.
  • Ethics Integrity Manager - provides training,
    guidance and support, from Codes of Practice to
    the UEL application process.
  • Drop in sessions at both Docklands and
    Stratford campus for staff and students.
  • External training provided e.g. Association for
    Research Ethics (AfRE).
  • Chair of UREC runs bi-annual PGR and staff
    research ethics training.
  • New polices, guidelines, support and best
    practice are communicated via the web page, Deans
    of School, email and UELs inFocus magazine.

19
Advice and Support
  • Research Ethics Department in
  • Graduate School.
  • 0208 223 6683
  • researchethics_at_uel.ac.uk
  • University of East London
  • EB1.43, Docklands Campus
  • 4-6 University Way
  • London E16 2RD

20
Useful references
  • UEL Site http//www.uel.ac.uk/qa/research/
  • IRAS Site https//www.myresearchproject.org.uk/
  • The Concordat to Support Research Integrity
    http//www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/highereducation/Do
    cuments/2012/TheConcordatToSupportResearchIntegrit
    y.pdf
  • European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity
    http//www.nsf.gov/od/iia/ise/Code_Conduct_Researc
    hIntegrity.pdf
  • Research Governance Framework for Health and
    Social Care. Second edition, Department of Health
    2005 https//www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/
    uploads/attachment_data/file/139565/dh_4122427.pdf
  •  A Framework of Policies and Procedures for
    University Research Ethics Committees. The
    Association of Research Ethics Committees, 2013
    http//s3.spanglefish.com/s/21217/documents/indepe
    ndent-membership/12-11-13-framework-complete.pdf
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