Medical parasitology - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 27
About This Presentation
Title:

Medical parasitology

Description:

Medical parasitology Protists Phylum Sapcomastigophora, Subphylum Sarcodina amoebas Morphology Phylum Sapcomastigophora, Subphylum Sarcodina amoebas Diversity ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:707
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 28
Provided by: Vol2
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Medical parasitology


1
Medical parasitology
  • Protists

2
Phylum Sapcomastigophora, Subphylum Sarcodina
amoebas
  • Morphology

3
Phylum Sapcomastigophora, Subphylum Sarcodina
amoebas
  • Diversity

4
Amoebas of medical importance
  • Entamoeba hystolytica
  • Entamoeba hartmani
  • Entamoeba coli
  • Entamoeba gingivalis
  • Iodamaeba buetschlii
  • Endolimax nana
  • Naegleria fowleri

5
Entamoeba hystolytica
  • Entamoeba hystolytica causes amebic dysentery,
    amoebiasis.
  • 3rd the most common cause of parasitic death
    (after malaria and schistosomiasis).
  • Different strains. Virulent strains can hydrolyse
    tissues.

6
Entamoeba hystolytica. Life cycle
7
Entamoeba hystolytica
  • Development trofozoite, precyst with glycogen,
    cyst with 1 nucleus, metacyst with 4 nucleus,
    metacystic trophozoite (small amoebula), amoeba.
  • Primary intestine infection feed on mucosa and
    bacteria in large intestine, make tissue
    invasions, hydrolyze mucosa cells, erode ulcers,
    reach submucosa and blood vessels, perforate
    colon, cause peritonitis and death. Acute or
    chronic diarrhoea, cramps, vomiting, malaise
    etc.
  • Secondary infection transferred by blood to
    liver, lungs, skin, brain etc., produce toxins.
    Hepatic amebiasis cause abscess, pulmonary
    lesions, cardiac failure, exhaustion, death.

8
Entamoeba hystolytica
  • Incubation period 8-10 days.
  • Diagnosis
  • in stool samples, smear examination (alive
    amoebas and cysts)
  • Immunological methods.

9
Entamoeba hystolytica
  • Distribution

10
Entamoeba hystolytica
  • Epidemiology World wide. Prevalence 1-40. The
    most susceptible at age 25-30.
  • In tropics, in flood areas, during the war.
  • Human resistance increase from North to South.
  • Distribution depends on manner of disposal of
    human waste. Main sources of cysts contaminated
    water and food, house fly, use of human faeces as
    fertilizers.
  • Reservoirs dogs, pigs, monkeys.

11
Entamoeba hystolytica
  • Prophylaxis
  • Personal hygiene
  • Drinking water for the crisis regions
  • Safety of the toilets
  • Isolation of vectors (flies)
  • Treatment
  • Diodoquine, Metronidazole,
  • Dehydroemetine vai Emetine
  • Stopping of dehydratation of the body

12
Amoebas
  • Entamoeba coli
  • Iodamoeba buetschlii
  • Endolimax nana
  • Low pathogenesis in humans.
  • Reservoirs- primates, pigs.

13
Entamoeba gingivalis
  • Commensals in the mouth cavity, bronchi.
    Prevalence 100

14
Naegleria fowleri
  • Life cycle

15
Naegleria fowleri
  • Life cycle

16
Naegleria fowleri
  • Free living in water. Development flagellate
    form, amoeboid form, cyst.
  • Causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Cause
    acute disease, fatal illness. Children the most
    susceptible.
  • Source water with free living amoeba.
  • Infection water, nasal cavity, nasal passages,
    lyses of epithelium, olfactory nerve, cranium.
  • Prevalence very low, seasonal, world-wide.

17
Naegleria fowleri
  • Prophylaxis
  • Safety of swimming pools, even indoor ones (check
    the presence, if any cases was registered do
    not allow to swim, disinfect)
  • Diagnostics
  • Immunological
  • Cultivation in the bacterial medium
  • Inoculation into lab animals (intracerebral)
  • Treatment
  • Amphotericin B, intra-venous

18
Acanthamoeba spp. - akantamoebas
  • Common in nature. Since 1984 has been revealed in
    human.
  • Can cause damage of eyes
  • Can induce granular amoebial meningitis
  • Can induce diffuse dermal lesions
  • Connected with human immune suppression and
    weakness

Bojata acs
Bojata smadzenu garoza
19
Acanthamoeba spp.
  • Life cycle

20
Blastocystis hominis blastocistosis
  • Life cycle, inhabits intestine

21
Blastocystis hominis blastocistoze
  • Diagnostically forms in the faeces
  • vacuolar
  • granular
  • cysts
  • amoeboidal

22
Blastocystis hominis blastocistosis
  • Symptoms diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal cramps,
    meteorism, itching of anus. Chronic disease
    lasting some weeks to years. Different strains
    with different virulence. Probable not deadly
    disease. Also probable explanation of uncertain
    diarrhoeas e.g. 3550 cases in Latvia (Latvian
    Centre of Infectology).
  • Prophylaxis hygiene.
  • Treatment as in ammoebiasis?

23
Phylum Ciliophora ciliates
24
Balantidium coli
  • Life cycle

25
Balantidium coli
  • Common in tropics, rare in temperate climate.
  • Effects and epidemiology similar to Entamoeba
    hystolitica.
  • Digest the content of intestine, produce
    proteolytic enzymes, ulcer, secondary infection,
    perforation. Infections in other organs.
  • Mean prevalence 1, in Philippines common.
  • Reservoir in cecum, colon, in different
    vertebrates, pigs.

26
Balantidium coli
  • Prophylaxis
  • As in amoebiasis
  • Treatment
  • Oxitetracycline, Iodoquinol

27
  • entamoeba histolytica http//www.youtube.com/watch
    ?vCG3bpxAESgU
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?NR1vyacSXnJgRVwfe
    atureendscreen
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com