Exploring Mo17 maize in a way that explains today

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Exploring Mo17 maize in a way that
explains todays genetics Larry Morris,
Jr.1,2 Carolyn Lawrence1,3,4 and Candice A.C.
Gardner1,3,5. 1.) Iowa State University, Ames,
IA 50011 2.) University of New Mexico,
Albuquerque, NM 87102 3.) USDA-ARS, PIRU, Ames,
IA 50011 4.) USDA-ARS, CICGRU, Ames, IA
50011. 
Gordon Hopkins x Little Yellow Corn
Reid Yellow Dent Gold Mine
Stiff Stalk Synthetic
A USDA corn mixed with other varieties
Krug (Landraces)
Lancaster Surecrop (from
Noah Hershey)
C.I. 187-2 (Female) x C103 (Male)

Mo17 (Dr. Zuber Stock) A, Hallauer
C.Martin
Ed Coe
L. Darrah Mike Lee
Goodman/Buckler IBM RI Parent Hake
Lab
Abstract Maize is the most abundant crop produced
worldwide.  Maize (corn) is amazing plant that
contributes to society in many ways. For
example, corn contributes to the bio-fuels that
serve as an alternative fuel for vehicles, corn
syrup is used in many snacks we eat, and corn is
a feed for livestock.  There are several
major endosperm types of maize, including flint,
floury, dent, sweet and popcorn.  Breeders have
the responsibility of providing corn for the
world.  Because the genome of a particular line
designated Missouri 17 (Mo17) is currently being
sequenced, its derivation is the focus of this
work.  Reviewed here is brief history of the
evolution of maize and the lineage of Mo17. 
Introduction Evolution Era During the early
1900s breeders started to inbreed maize. Gregor
Mendel studied inheritance and developed
principles that collectively led to the science
of genetics and the scientific fundamentals used
by todays plant breeders (1979). Soon after
(1904), Dr. G.H. Shull and Dr. Edward East
started to inbreed maize and found an important
aspect. Shull developed a single cross hybrid
of two inbred parent maize lines. What Shull
noticed about this particular cross is its
enhanced performance over open pollinated maize
or either inbred parent hybrid productivity
exceeded that of open pollinated varieties. Dr.
Donald F. Jones (1918) found out more about the
functioning of hybrid crossing. The earliest
inbred lines were very unproductive, and produced
very seeds (progeny). It was difficult to
maintain the parent lines. In order to obtain
large numbers of hybrid progeny, he created the
double cross, (the subsequent cross between two
single crosses). Hybrid breeding was the basis
for developing modern commercial corn and can be
given the major credit for maize becoming the
number one crop in the world. As a result Mo17
was created and became one of the decades most
used parent for producing maize in America.
Materials and Methods Books and Articles were
gathered from personal communication and
Interviews. Books used with this research are
Second Edition Specialty Corns by Arnal Hallauer,
Breeding Field Crops Second Edition by John
Milton Poehlman, and Compilation of North America
Maize Breeding Germplasm by J.T Gerdes, C.F.
Behr, J.G. Coors and W.F. Tracy from the
University of Wisconsin-Madison. Personal
communication 1.) Marty Sachs 2.) Mike Lee 3.)
Carolyn Lawrence Interviews 1.) Arnal
Hallauer
Conclusion In conclusion, after genetically
analyzing Mo17 in hakes lab, samples from the
original sources of Zuber stock was gathered so
it could be sequenced and compared to one
another. We found them to be similar which is
good because now it is known that whatever
endoplasm Zuber sent out is the complete d Mol7
hybrid line. Here is a good example of the
impact the evolution era had with helping us
better understand how to identify and compare
traces species. As a result of those endeavors
explored by the evolution era, genetic sequencing
now not only provides the ability for us to trace
linage, but also to trace heterosis among
different maize populations, which is important
for the future.
Discussion The following is a tree of lineage and
background of Mo17. The top half is the pedigree
of Mo17. All but one parent of Mo17 is Non Stiff
Stalk (NSS) inbred line. Highlighted by a blue
outline Reid Yellow Dent is the only parent that
is Stiff Stalk Synthetic (SSS). Being a hybrid
Mo17 is deprived by these SSS and NSS. These
parents were distinguished by the practice of
heterosis. Heterosis is the result offspring of
two parents. The offspring takes better traits
and performances than their parents. The bottom
half explains where endoplasms were distributed.
When Mo17 was sequenced by hakes lab their
source of endoplasm was trace back to A. Hallauer
who got it from the original source Zuber
(highlighted green). The problem was when Zuber
gave Hallauer endoplasm when Zuber was not
completely finish developing Mo17. From there
Hallauer pasted on the endoplasm to Mike Lees
and Hakes lab for genetic sequencing. When
genetic sequencing was complete in Hakes lab
they found out that the Mo17 endoplasm they
received from Zuber was one that was assumingly
the complete Mo17. With the sequencing finish
experiments were run to compare the sequenced
Mo17 with other Mo17 from other labs. When
comparing was finish they found out that
endoplasm in hakes and Zubers lab shared common
similarities, which is good because now they can
assume that all other labs have the same
endoplasm. So by using genetic sequencing they
were able to trace and gather Mo17 endoplasm to
be stored in one database. The conclusion will
be about how genetics gathered Mo17 endoplasm
into one source.
Reference Jugenheimer, Robert. Corn Improvement,
Seed Production, and Uses. Canada John Wiley
Sons, Inc., 1976. Kiesselbach, T.A. The
Structure and Reproduction of Corn. Cold Spring
Harbor, New York Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Press, 1999. Poehlman, John. Breeding Field
Crops Second Edition. Westport, Connecticut AVI
Publishing Company, INC., 1979. Troyer, Arnel R.
Hallauer. Second Edition Specialty Corns.
Library of Congress Card Number 00-039767 CRC
Press LLC, 2001. Gerdes, Behr, Coors, W.F. Tracy.
Compilation of North America Maize Breeding
Germplasm. Madison, Wisconsin Crop Science
Society of America, Inc., 1993.
Acknowledgments