Changes To Upper and Lower Canada

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Changes To Upper and Lower Canada
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Focus Question

• What important changes took place in Upper and
  Lower Canada from 1815 1838?

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Key Vocabulary

• Canadian-
• English speaking person living in Canada
• Canadien-
• French speaking person living in Canada
• Immigrant
• a person who leaves his/her country to live in
  another country
• Great Migration
• 1815-1840 many immigrants from Great Britain
  moved to Upper Canada.
• Timber
• Wood that has been cut down lumber
• Potash
• Ash from burnt wood
• Mast
• Pole on a ship that holds the sail
• Sawmill
• Factory that cuts wood into smaller pieces

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Upper and Lower Canada Changes

• Following the War of 1812, both Upper and Lower
  Canada experienced population explosions
  (growth).
• The population increase in Lower Canada occurred
  mostly because of a high birth rate among
  French-speaking people
• In Upper Canada, a wave of settlers from Great
  Britain helped increase the population from
  70,000 to 430,000.
• This was called The Great Migration

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Upper Canada

• These people were forced to spend up to 20 days
  to 4 months living in ships that had been used to
  transport timber.
• Living conditions on immigrant ships were often
  horrible, and many immigrants died during the
  long voyage from Europe.
• Before arriving in Quebec City or Montreal, all
  ships had to stop first at a place called Grosse
  Isle, where sick passengers were removed from the
  ship and cared for in quarantine.
• This huge population growth is known as the The
  Great Migration .

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Why did the Great Migration Occur?

1. Many farmers in Great Britain were being forced
   by their landlords to leave their small farms for
   grazing sheep.
2. Industrial Revolution- machines were taking over
   the jobs of Artisans(skilled worker)
3. Starvation- people in Ireland were starving
   because of poor potato crops (potato famine)

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Other Changes

• In addition to changes to the population, there
  were 2 other major changes in 1815-1838
• The Timber Trade
• Wood made up 80 of
  goods exported by 1839
• The End of Competition in the Fur Trade
• 1821 Northwest Company joined the Hudson Bay
  Company

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