The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

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The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

• Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop
• Carter Davis
• Pacific EMPRINTS Program

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Threats Problems

• Farm Chemicals
• Industrial Chemicals
• Biological
• Terrorism
• Storage
• Transportation
• Proper Use

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Chemicals
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Hazard Class 1 Explosives

• Background color
• Orange
• Symbol
• Exploding ball

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Hazard Class 2 Gases

• Background color
• Varies
• Symbol
• Varies
• Non-flammable gases, flammable gases, poisonous
  gases

INHALATION HAZARD
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Hazard Class 3 Flammable Liquids

• Background color
• Red
• Symbol
• Flame
• Flammable combustible liquids

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Hazard Class 4 Flammable Solids

• Background color
• Red white candy striped
• Blue if reacts with water
• Flammable solids, spontaneously combustibles,
  dangerous when wet

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Hazard Class 5 Oxidizers Organic Peroxides

• Background color
• Yellow
• Symbol
• Flaming ball

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Hazard Class 6Poisons Etiologic Materials

• Background color
• White, with black lettering for poisons

INHALATIONHAZARD
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Hazard Class 7 Radioactive Materials

• Background color
• White on the bottom, yellow on the top
• Symbol
• Trefoil

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Hazard Class 8 Corrosives

• Background color
• Black on the bottom, white on the top
• Symbol
• Piece of metal and a hand damaged by liquid
• Acids and bases

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Hazard Class 9 Miscellaneous

• Hazardous materials not specified in other classes

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Facility Markings

• NFPA 704 Marking System

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• Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS)
• Generally used on smaller transfer containers

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Farm Chemicals

• Pesticides
• Insecticides
• Rodenticides
• Fungicides
• Herbicides
• Fertilizers
• Animal Medications
• Cleaning Agents and Solvents

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Pesticide Safety

• Reduce risk to exposure and injury
• Follow labels and MSDS
• Wear appropriate PPE
• Use the least hazardous chemicals at the
  recommended rate and concentration
• Prepare only enough for immediate use
• Verify application equipment is working properly
  and does not leak
• Dont eat, drink or smoke while pouring, mixing
  or applying
• Work in pairs
• Clean all equipment thoroughly and without
  contaminating the environment
• Wash work clothes separately
• Wash hands thoroughly after handling

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Pesticide Safety

• Take Additional Precautions
• Have a first aid kit nearby and include
  resuscitation mask, eye wash solution, soap
• Have fresh water available
• Have all workers take first aid training
• Check labels and MSDS for proper handling,
  application,
• Check with nearby health care facilities for
  proper stock of antidotes and emergency supplies
• Stop work and seek medical attention if there is
  any sign of muscular spasms, blurred vision,
  excessive saliva, or difficulty breathing

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Pesticide Storage

• Store chemicals in a well-ventilated area
• Store in shed with good lighting and has
  impervious floor and shelving
• Use secondary containment
• Store chemicals in original containers
• Place an external sign indicating chemical
  storage
• Keep incompatible materials separate
• Keep a spill kit nearby
• Keep away from food, animal feed, fertilizers and
  seeds
• Have access to an emergency shower nearby

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Pesticide Transport

• Avoid transporting with food, water, animal feed,
  fertilizers, seeds and reactive substances
• Secure in or on vehicle to prevent movement and
  change in orientation.
• Keep shipping documents or records of the items
  you are carrying
• Carry a spill kit and appropriate personal
  protective equipment with the vehicle

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Pesticide Disposal

• Take notice of warnings on the labels regarding
  toxicity to non-target areas
• Check label/MSDS for advice on disposal
• Triple rinse empty containers
• Uncap, puncture and crush all rinsed containers
• When possible return containers to supplier or
  manufacture
• Check with local government authority for
  information on safe disposal

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FIFRA Label Requirements

• Front Panel
• Restricted Use Pesticide Statement (if
  applicable)
• Product Name, Brand, Trademark
• Ingredient Statement
• Keep out of Reach of Children (KOOROC Statement)
• Signal Word (Caution, Warning, Danger)
• First Aid (Statement of Practical Treatment)
• Skull Crossbones POISON for high toxicity
• Net Contents/Net Weight

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FIFRA Label Requirements

• Front or Back Panel
• EPA Registration Number Establishment Number
• Company Name and Address
• Back Panel
• Precautionary Statements (Hazards to Humans and
  Animals, Environmental Hazards, Physical and
  Chemical Hazards)
• Directions for Use
• Storage and Disposal
• Warranty Statement
• Worker Protection Labeling

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C.B.R.N.E Terrorism
B
R
C
iological
adiological
hemical
E
N
xplosive
uclear
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Toxicology

• What's Toxic? How is it determined?
• Physical Hazards - Mechanical
• Fire, Heat, Explosions, Falling Objects
• Health Hazards - Biological
• Bodily Contact
• Immediate and/or Delayed Reactions

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Dose

• Concentration
• percent,
• PPMs, PPBs, Mg/Kg

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Concentration

• 1,000,000 ppm
• 100
• 100,000 ppm
• 10
• 10,000 ppm
• 1
• 1,000 ppm 0.1
• 100 ppm 0.01

• 10 ppm 0.001
• 1 ppm 0.0001
• 1 ppb 0.0000001
• 1 ppt 0.0000000001

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ConcentrationWhich one is more toxic?

• Product A Product B
• Toxic effect when Toxic effect when
• exposed to exposed to
• 9,000 ppm 90 ppm

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Industrial Toxic Thresholds

• By Inhalation
• TLV/TWA - Threshold Limit Value-Time Weighted,
  day to day exposure without adverse health
  effects (ACGIH)
• STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit - may exceed
  TLV/TWA for up to 15 minutes but not to occur
  more than 4 times per day
• TLV-C - should never exceed (ACGIH)
• REL- Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)

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Industrial Toxic Thresholds (continue)

• By Inhalation
• PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
• IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
  (NIOSH)
• LC50 - Lethal Concentration by inhalation
  (animal) anything less than 200 mg/kg is
  considered a poison

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Industrial Toxic Thresholds (continue)

• By Ingestion
• LD50 - Lethal Dose by ingestion or skin
  absorption (animal) less than 200 mg/kg is
  considered a poison.
• Carcinogens - cancer causing (N/A or no exposure)

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Industrial SubstancesPEL TWA (8 hrs STEL)

• Acetone 750 ppm, 1,000 ppm
• Unleaded Gasoline 300 ppm, 500 ppm
• Carbon Monoxide 35 ppm, 400 ppm
• Ammonia 25 ppm, 35 ppm
• Hydrogen Sulfide 9.9 ppm, 15 ppm
• Hydrogen Cyanide 10 ppm
• Chlorine 1 ppm
• Hydrazine 0.1 ppm

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Chemical SubstancesPEL TWA (8 hrs STEL)

• Phosgene 0.099 ppm
• 2-chloroethyl sulfide 0.0005 ppm
• Lewisite 0.0004 ppm
• Tabun 0.000017 ppm
• Somin 0.000004 ppm
• VX (O-ethyl S-(2-diisopropylamino)ethyl
  methylphosphonothiolate 0.0000009 ppm

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Relative Toxicity by Inhalation

• gt500 ppm - Toxic
• 101-500 ppm - Moderately Toxic
• 1-100 ppm - Highly Toxic
• lt1 ppm - Super Toxic
• Based upon the lowest value listed for the
  substance, usually TLV/TWA, STEL or PEL

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Relative Toxicity by Ingestion

• gt5 gm/kg - Toxic
• .5 gm-5gm/kg - Moderately Toxic
• 50 mg-500 mg/kg - Highly Toxic
• 1 mg-50mg/kg - Super Toxic
• Based upon animal LD50
• gm of product per kg of body weight of target
  organism

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Dose

• Concentration
• percent, PPMs, PPBs, Mg/Kg
• Duration of Exposure
• Acute Vs Chronic, Sensitization
• Routes
• Inhalation, Ingestion, Absorption, Injection

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Dose (continued)

• Susceptible Target Organs
• Nervous System, Skeleton Marrow, Thyroid,
  Lungs, Heart, Blood, Veins, Liver, Kidneys,
  Intestines, Skin
• Health Variables
• body weight, age, physical condition, gender
• Dose/Response

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Physical Properties

• Vapor Pressure - Rate of Evaporation
• Vapor Density - wt of vapor Vs wt of air
• Specific Gravity - wt of liquid Vs wt of water
• Solubility - mixes with water
• Flash Point - min temp to produce enough vapors
  to cause ignition but not sustain combustion.

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Physical Properties

• Fire Point - min temp to produce enough vapors to
  sustain combustion
• Boiling Point - temp at which liquid changes to
  gas at its maximum rate
• Flammable Range - the percent of vapor in air
  that is able to burn
• Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) - max percentage of
  vapor in air that will burn

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Physical Properties

• Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) - min percentage of
  vapor in air that will burn
• Expansion Ration - ratio of gas volume compared
  to liquid volume
• pH - scale used to measure how corrosive
• Ionizing radiation
• alpha, beta, gamma, neutron
• time, distance, shielding, quantity

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Reference Resources

• Emergency Response Guidebook
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• Internet
• Farm Safety Handbook by Rick Kubick
• MeisterPro Crop Protection Handbook
• Janes Chem-Bio Handbook
• InterNet Search Tools

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The Growing Threat of the Agriculture Workplace

• Pacific Avian Influenza Training Workshop
• Carter Davis
• Pacific EMPRINTS Program
• hazmat_at_hawaii.rr.com