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The Progressive Era

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The Progressive Era 1900-1920 I. Reforming the Industrial U.S. A. 3 Sources of Reform 1. Religion-YMCA, YWCA, & Salvation Army helped poor and working people. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Progressive Era


1
The Progressive Era
  • 1900-1920

2
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • A. 3 Sources of Reform
  • 1. Religion-YMCA, YWCA, Salvation Army helped
    poor and working people.
  • 2. Press-Muckrakersjournalists who pointed out
    what was wrong with society.
  • Lincoln Steffens Ida Tarbell
    took on big business.

3
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • Upton Sinclair-The Jungle-about stockyard workers
    and meat-packing plants.

4
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • A. 3 Sources of Reform
  • 3. Radical Political Groups-1901-Socialist
    Party organized, Eugene V. Debs candidate.
  • Socialismeliminates
  • private ownership.

5
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • B. Cities and States Change
  • 1. New mayors in cities-Progressive and
    Socialist
  • 2. New ways to manage cities-city commissions
    and council-manager system form.
  • 3. Reform governors-attack industry and big
    business
  • Robert M. LaFollette-Wisconsin,
    attacked corporations and
    ended special treatment.

6
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • B. Cities and States Change
  • 4. Direct primary-eliminated the political
    machine, candidates chosen by popular vote.
  • 5. Social reforms issues-child labor, long
    hours, worker's compensation laws.

7
Theodore Roosevelt
  • The Progressive President

8
T R
  • Personality-Outdoorsman, Harvard graduate,
    and conservationist.
  • Career-Began as Republican Governor of New York.
    He immediately began to reform politics and
    industry in the state.
  • -Became vice-president in 1900
  • -September 6, 1901- McKinley assassinated and
    T.R. became president

9
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • B. Cities and States Change
  • 4. Direct primary-eliminated the political
    machine, candidates chosen by popular vote.
  • 5. Social reforms issues-child labor, long
    hours, worker's compensation laws.

10
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • D. The Square Deal
  • Roosevelt's Reforms
  • 1. Increasing Federal Power Government needed
    to be more active to help US grow.
  • 2. Mediating Labor Disputes
  • Athracite Coal Strike Roosevelt threatened to
    take over over mines after owners refused to
    accept arbitration deal he bad brokered. Set
    precedent that the government could intervene if
    it was in the public's interests.

11
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • D. The Square Deal
  • Roosevelt's Reforms
  • 3. Regulating Trusts TR filed 44 suits under
    the Sherman Antitrust Act. He prided himself
  • as the "trustbuster", breaking up many large
    trusts, including Standard Oil.
  • Northern Securities v US, 1904, American
    Tobacco v US, 1911 Key cases

12
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • D. The Square Deal
  • Roosevelt's Reforms
  • 4. Regulating Transportation passed 2 Acts
  • Elkins Act, 1903 Made rebates from RR
    companies illegal
  • Hepburn Act, 1906 Allowed the Interstate
    Commerce Commission to set maximum
  • rates and regulate RR prices.
  • 5. Protecting Health Pure Food Drug Act,
    1906. Dr. Harvey Washington Wiley pushed for
    labeling of foods because of question
    ingredients.

13
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • D. The Square Deal
  • Roosevelt's Reforms
  • 6. Conservation TR set up 5 national parks, 50
    wildlife sanctuaries, and 18 monuments.

Crater Lake
14
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • D. The Square Deal
  • Roosevelt's Reforms
  • 6. Conservation TR set up 5 national parks, 50
    wildlife sanctuaries, and 18 monuments.

Mesa Verde
15
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • D. The Square Deal
  • Roosevelt's Reforms
  • 6. Conservation TR set up 5 national parks, 50
    wildlife sanctuaries, and 18 monuments.

Grand Canyon
16
I. Reforming the Industrial U.S.
  • D. The Square Deal
  • Roosevelt's Reforms
  • 6. Conservation TR set up 5 national parks, 50
    wildlife sanctuaries, and 18 monuments.

Petrified Forest
17
II. Progressivism Continues
  • A. William Howard Taft as President
  • 1. Taft defeated William Jennings Bryan in 1908
    much more cautious than TR
  • 2. Taft fought to lower tariffs but many
    conservative Republicans opposed him. Payne
    Aldrich Tariff in 1909 reduced tariffs.

18
II. Progressivism Continues
  • A. William Howard Taft as President
  • 3. Taft returned much of the conserved lands to
    public sale.
  • 4. Taft appointed many unpopular officials,
    including Joseph Cannon as Speaker of the House.
    "Uncle Joe" ruled as a dictator, only
    considering conservative bills.

19
II. Progressivism Continues
Roosevelts View of Taft
20
II. Progressivism Continues
  • B. Election of 1912
  • 1. Roosevelt Bull Moose Party
  • Taft Republican Wilson
    Democrat
  • 2. Republican Party was split between Taft and
    TR, Democrats are united.
  • 3. Wilson won 435 electoral votes and the
    election. The Democrats controlled the Senate
    and the House of Representatives as well.

21
II. Progressivism Continues
  • C. Woodrow Wilson as President
  • Wilson declared the need for a
    "New Freedom", and attacked
    tariffs, finance and
    trusts.
  • 1. 16th Amendment 1913 Established a federal
    income tax. This has become the government's
    largest source of revenue.
  • 2. 17th Amendment 1913 Provided for direct
    election of Senators. From the Populist Party in
    the late 1800's.

22
II. Progressivism Continues
  • C. Woodrow Wilson as President
  • Wilson declared the need for a
    "New Freedom", and attacked
    tariffs, finance and
    trusts.
  • 3. Underwood Tariff 1913 first real lowering
    of restrictive tariffs since the Civil War.
  • 4. Federal Reserve Act 1913 Created 12
    districts, each with its own federal reserve
    bank. Created the Federal Reserve Board to
    Regulate the system.

23
II. Progressivism Continues
  • C. Woodrow Wilson as President
  • Wilson declared the need for a
    "New Freedom", and attacked
    tariffs, finance and
    trusts.
  • 5. Federal Trade Act 1914 Created the Federal
    Trade Commission (FTC) to investigate unfair
    business practices.
  • 6. Clayton Act 1914 Declared monopolies and
    other business practices illegal. Extended the
    Sherman Antitrust Act.

24
II. Life in America Improves
  • A. Transportation Revolution
  • 1. Automobile-1903-Henry Ford organized Ford
    Motor Company. His Model T was priced under 300
    (affordable).
  • Created urban sprawl as people could move away
    from factories.
  • Ford introduced 2 ideas that revolutionized
    industry

25
II. Life in America Improves
  • A. Transportation Revolution
  • (1) assembly line-parts and machines organized
    in sequence.
  • (2) 5 dollar day-cost Ford 12 million first
    year but profit doubled after 3 years.

26
II. Life in America Improves
  • A. Transportation Revolution
  • 2. Flight-Orville and Wilbur Wright made first
    flight at Kitty Hawk, NC on Dec 17, 1903.
  • Military used planes for scouting and some
    combat in WWI.

North Carolina-First Flight
27
II. Life in America Improves
  • B. City Improvements
  • 1. Skyscrapers-first designed by Louis
    Sullivan, solved space problems.
  • 2. Parks and Amusement Parks-gave city dwellers
    recreation areas. Frederick Law Olmstead
    becomes famous as a designer after planning
    New Yorks Central Park and landscaping in
    Washington, D.C.

Central Park
28
II. Life in America Improves
  • B. City Improvements
  • 3. Shopping increased as goods were abundant
    and affordable. Mail order catalogs brought
    shopping to the home. Department stores,
    chain stores (Woolworth), and shopping centers
    became popular.
  • 4. Restaurants sprung up as cities became more
    prosperous.
  • 5. Settlement Houses-provided education,
    activities, and services in slums.

29
II. Life in America Improves
  • C. Education and Information Improvements
  • 1. 31 states passed attendance laws, high
    schools grew and colleges accepted more
    students.
  • 2. McGuffey Reader was the
    first real textbook used.

30
II. Life in America Improves
  • C. Education and Information Improvements
  • 3. Black Americans
  • Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee Institute
    and George Washington Carver taught there.
    These leaders believed that blacks could become
    equal through education.

George Washington Carver
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Dubois
31
II. Life in America Improves
  • C. Education and Information Improvements
  • 4. Americans read many more newspapers as
    literacy rate and leisure time increased.
  • Yellow Journalism Newspapers began to use
    sensational stories and headlines to attract
    readers.
  • William Randolph Hearst and Joseph
    Pulitzer most well known.

32
II. Life in America Improves
  • D. Leisure Time
  • Americans found time for many pastimes.
  • 1. Literature-Mark Twain, Jack London, Stephen
    Crane, and Horatio Alger.

33
II. Life in America Improves
  • D. Leisure Time
  • Americans found time for many pastimes.
  • 2. Sports-baseball and boxing become great in
    late 1800's
  • 3. Drama and Show-P.T. Barnum joined James
    Bailey in 1881 creating the "Greatest Show on
    Earth." Movies like The Great Train Robbery and
    Birth of a Nation were loved
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