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FASH 15 textiles

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Title: FASH 15 textiles


1
FASH 15 textiles other fabrication methods
2
fabrication methods many ways to produce fabric
other than weaving or knitting
3
  • fabrics from solutionsfilms
  • made directly from a polymer solution
  • most made from vinyl or polyurethane solutions
  • structures
  • plainfirm, dense, and uniform usually
    impermeable to air and water have excellent soil
    resistance
  • expandedspongier, softer and plumper air cells
    incorporated into compound
  • supportedplain or expanded attached to a support
    fabric

4
  • fabrics from solutionsfoams
  • made by incorporating air into elasticlike
    substance
  • polyurethane most common
  • known for bulkiness sponginess
  • used as
  • carpet backing underlay
  • furniture padding
  • pillow forms
  • laminated to fabric for apparel interior
    textiles
  • shredded foam used to stuff pillows toys

5
fabrics from fibers some fabrics made directly
from fibers or fiber-forming solutionsno
processing of fibers to yarn include very old
(felt tapa) new processes (netlike fruit bags)
6
  • fabrics from fibersnonwoven or fiberweb
  • nonwovensomewhat confusing, refers to wide
    variety of fabric structures
  • nonwoven fiberwebinclude
  • all textile-sheet structures
  • made from fibrous webs
  • bonded by mechanical fiber entanglement, resin,
    thermal fusion or the forming of chemical
    complexes
  • properties controlled by
  • fiber arrangement
  • fiber properties
  • binder properties

7
  • fabrics from fibersweb production
  • quick inexpensive to produceoften ½ cost of
    woven
  • select fibers
  • forming web
  • bonding web together
  • five techniques
  • dry-laidcarding or air-laying fibers in random
    or oriented pattern
  • wet-laidslurry of short paper-process-length and
    textile-length fibers and water
  • spun-bondedmade immediately after melt-spun
    fibers are extruded from spinnerets
  • spun-lacejets of water forced through web
  • melt-blownextruding polymer through single
    orifice into high velocity heated air-stream to
    break ultrfine fiber into short pieces

8
  • fabrics from fibersfabric production
  • webs have very little strength in unbounded form
  • become fabrics through
  • mechanical needlingneedle punching
  • application of chemical compounds, adhesives,
    heat
  • can be finished to meet customer needscoating,
    laminating, printing, flocking, dyeing or
    finishing processes
  • flame retardant
  • water repellent
  • antistatic
  • breathable
  • absorbent

9
  • fabrics from fibersfiberfill
  • batting, wadding, and fiberfill are not fabrics
    but VERY important components in apparel
    interiors
  • battingmade from new fiber
  • waddingmade from waste fiber
  • fiberfillmanufactured fiber staple made
    especially for use as a filler
  • downundercoating of waterfowl
  • fiber density shifting resistance important
    consideration for all

10
  • fabrics from fibersfusible nonwovens
  • contribute body and shape to garments as
    interfacing or interlinings in shirts, blouses,
    dresses outerwear
  • coated with heat-sealable, thermoplastic
    adhesivebonds to fabric by heat and pressure
  • eliminate the need for stitching
  • less skilled labor is required
  • may generate problems in shrinkage separation
    of layers during care

11
  • fabrics from fibersfelt
  • mat or web of wool or mostly woolfibers held
    together by interlocking of wool scales
  • most craft felts are not true felt because they
    do not contain woolusually wet- or dry-laid
    nonwoven fiberwebs
  • do not have grain, do not ravel
  • stiff, less pliable weaker than other
    structures
  • quality depends upon quality of fibers
  • used in apparel accessories, crafts technical
    matting

12
fabrics from fibersnetlike structures include
all textile structures formed by extruding one or
more fiber-forming polymers as a film or network
of ligaments or strands
13
  • fabrics from yarnsbraids
  • narrow fabrics in which yarns interlace
    lengthwise diagonally
  • good elongation
  • very pliablecurve around edges nicely
  • used for
  • trims
  • shoelaces
  • technical component coverings

14
  • fabrics from yarnslace
  • openwork fabric with complex patterns or figures,
    handmade or machine made using several methods
  • most commercial lace made by raschel knitting
    machines or special lace machines
  • yarns may be twisted around each other to create
    open areas
  • classified according to way it is made
    appearance
  • quality based on fineness of yarns, number of
    yarns per square inch, closeness of ground,
    intricacy of design

15
fabrics from yarnsembroidery only technique
in which yarn can be arranged in almost any
direction usually considered an aesthetic or
surface design, also used to create technical
textiles (sensor)
16
  • composite fabrics
  • composite fabrics combine several primary and/or
    secondary structures into a single structure
  • coatedcombines textile fabric with polymer film
  • poromericcombines textile fabric with
    microporous film
  • suedelikeneedle-punched fabrics made from
    microdenier fibers combined with resin coating
    nonfibrous polyurethane
  • flockedhave fine natural or synthetic surface
    fiber applied to base fabric
  • tufted-pileyarns carried by needles forced
    through fabric formed into cut or uncut loops
  • laminatestwo layers of fabric combined into
    onewith an adhesive or foam

17
  • composite fabrics
  • composite fabrics combine several primary and/or
    secondary structures into a single structure
  • stitch-bondedcombine textile structures by
    adhering fabric layers with fiber or yarn loops,
    chemical adhesives, or fusion of thermoplastic
    fibers
  • quilted fabricsconsist of three layers face
    fabric, fiberfill or batting, and backing
    fabricbonded with thread, chemical adhesive or
    fusion
  • supported-scrim structurescombine lightweight
    nylon scrim and loose warp-knit fabric between
    two layers of polyurethane foam (Vellux)
  • fiber-reinforced materialscombine fibrous
    component with polymer of resin, metal or ceramic
    matrix

18
  • animal productsleather
  • processed from skins hides of mammals,
    reptiles, fish birds
  • hides vary in size, thickness and grain
  • grainmarking resulting from skin formation
  • other surface factors
  • bites scratches
  • scars
  • brand marks
  • skin disease
  • veins wrinkles
  • go through many processessalting, cleaning,
    tanning, bleaching, stuffing, coloring, dyeing,
    staking finishing by glazing, boarding,
    buffing, snuffing, embossing

19
animal productssuede popular leather for
coats, jackets, dresses, trims, upholstery
wallcoverings soft, dull surface made by
nappingrunning skin under coarse emery sanderon
flesh side to pull up fibers grain-sueded
leather (nubuck)napped on grain side has
velvetlike hand durable, but requires special
caremoisture damages suede
20
  • animal productsfur
  • animal skin to which the hair, fleece or fur
    fibers are attached
  • mostly used in apparel, but also for throws and
    rugs, wall hangings, animal toys
  • natural productsvary in quality
  • good quality has very dense pile depends upon
    health of animal, season it was killed (late fall
    best)
  • cost depends upon fashion, supply demand, and
    work involved in producing item
  • chinchilla, mink, sable, platina fox
    erminealways most expensive

21
  • participation activity
  • fabrication identification
  • using the fabric grab bag or your own resources
    at home, locate an example of one of the many
    fabric/products discussed today
  • attach your fabric to a sheet of paper and
    provide the following information
  • name
  • type
  • fabrication method/process
  • indicators of quality
  • uses
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