Chemistry: Matter and Change

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Chemistry Matter and Change
Chapter 6 The Periodic Table and Periodic Law
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Section 6.2 Classification of the Elements
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Objectives Explain why elements in the same group
have similar properties.
Identify the four blocks of the periodic table
based on their electron configuration.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Review Vocabulary valence electron electron in
an atoms outermost orbitals determines the
chemical properties of an atom
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Elements are organized into different blocks in
the periodic table according to their electron
configurations.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration
Recall that electrons in the highest principal
energy level are called valence electrons.
no English name
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration
All group 1 elements have one valence electron.
Table 6.3 Electron Configuration for the Group 1 Elements
Period 1 hydrogen 1s1 1s1
Period 2 lithium 1s22s1 He2s1
Period 3 sodium 1s22s22p63s1 Ne3s1
Period 4 potassium 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 Ar4s1
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration
The energy level of an elements valence
electrons indicates the period on the periodic
table in which it is found.
The number of valence electrons for elements in
groups 13-18 is ten less than their group number.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Organizing the Elements by Electron Configuration
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
The shape of the periodic table becomes clear if
it is divided into blocks representing the atoms
energy sublevel being filled with valence
electrons.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
s-block elements consist of group 1 and 2, and
the element helium.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
Group 1 elements have a partially filled s
orbital with one electron.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
Group 2 elements have a completely filled s
orbital with two electrons.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
After the s-orbital is filled, valence electrons
occupy the p-orbital.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
Groups 13-18 contain elements with completely or
partially filled p orbitals.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
Table 6.4 Noble Gas Electron Configuration
Period Principal Energy Level Element Electron Configuration
1 n 1 helium 1s2
2 n 2 neon He2s22p6
3 n 3 argon Ne3s23p6
4 n 4 krypton Ar4s24p6
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
The d-block contains the transition metals and is
the largest block.
There are exceptions, but d-block elements
usually have filled outermost s orbitals, and
filled or partially filled d orbitals.
The five d orbitals can hold 10 electrons, so the
d-block spans ten groups on the periodic table.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
The s-, p-, d-, and f-Block Elements
The f-block contains the inner transition metals.
f-block elements have filled or partially filled
outermost s orbitals, and filled or partially
filled 4f or 5f orbitals.
The seven f orbitals can hold 14 electrons, and
the inner transition metals span 14 groups.
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Chemistry Matter and Change
Assessment
Which of the following is NOT one of the
elemental blocks of the periodic table?

1. s-block
2. d-block
3. g-block
4. f-block

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Chemistry Matter and Change
Assessment
Which of the following is NOT one of the
elemental blocks of the periodic table?

1. s-block
2. d-block
3. g-block
4. f-block

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Chemistry Matter and Change
Assessment
Which block spans 14 elemental groups?

1. s-block
2. p-block
3. f-block
4. g-block

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Chemistry Matter and Change
Assessment
Which block spans 14 elemental groups?

1. s-block
2. p-block
3. f-block
4. g-block

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Chemistry Matter and Change