Go Green - Conserve energy in residential homes through solar energy

1
Go Green - Conserve energy in residential homes
through solar energy

• Sonia Batra
• Ph. D Student, Walden University
• PUBH - 8165 1
• Instructor Howard E. Rubin, Ph.D.
• Fall 2010

2
Agenda

• Solar Power
• Environmental Impact of Conventional energy use
  in residential homes
• Financing
• Solar Electric System (aka photovoltaic or PV
  system)
• Example of PV System
• Cost Savings
• Conclusion

3
Solar Power

• Two forms of solar power
• Photovoltaic Panels Solar thermal plants
• (New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Technologies.
  Renewable Energy Technologies)
• A key driver in renewable energy market
  (Siemens, Solar Power)
• US Trends Solar power industry
• (Chen Pang)
• A remarkably great investment
• Incentives and rebates provided by the State and
  Federal
• (New Jersey Solar FAQ's)

Chen, H. H. Pang, C. (2010).
Organizational forms for knowledge management in
photovoltaic solar energy industry.
Knowledge-Based systems, 23, 924-933 New Jersey
Clean Energy Program. Technologies. Renewable
Energy Technologies. Retrieved on October 09,
2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewa
ble-energy/technologies/technologies New Jersey
Solar FAQ's. Retrieved on October 10, 2010 from
http//www.renewablepowerinc.com/id63.html
Siemens. Solar Power. Retrieved on October 09,
2010 from http//www.energy.siemens.com/us/en
/power-generation/renewables/solar-power/
4
Environmental Impact

• Climate
• Geology
• Ground
• Subterranean Surface Water
• Flora and Fauna
• Landscape
• Noises
• Social Environment

HEV. FAQ. What environmental impact does
photovoltaic solar energy have? Retrieved
on October 09, 2010 from http//english.energiasv
erdes.com/preguntas- frecuentes/que-impacto-ambien
tal-tiene-la-energia-solar-fotovoltaica.html
5
Financing

• Many options for financing are available through
  various types of rebate and incentives
• Federal rebate
• State Rebate
• Local Government rebate/incentive
• Out of pocket and private capital

New Jersey Solar FAQ's. Retrieved on October 10,
2010 from http//www.renewablepowerinc.com/id63.
html
6
New Jerseys Solar Financing Model

• Relies on Five Sources of revenue
• Societal Benefits Charge
• Fed Tax Credits
• Electric Cost Savings through Net Metering
• Renewable Energy Certificates sold to Renewable
  Portfolio Standards (RPS) Voluntary Markets
• Out of Pocket Equity

New Jersey Clean Energy Program. FAQs. New
Jersey's Solar Renewable Energy Certificates
(SREC) Program and New Jersey's Solar
Market Transition to Market-Based REC Financing
System. How does New Jerseys Solar
financing Model work? Retrieved on October 09,
2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.com/rene
wable-energy/tools-and-resources/faqs/srecAnchor-
Tax-9999
7
Solar Renewable Energy Certificates SRECs How
they are generated at NJ Clean Energy?
Provides anticipated new solar capacity insight
into future SREC Pricing
Register in SRP Program
Registration Accepted
Project complete issued a NJ Certification
which enables to generate NJ SRECs
Construction Accepted
Final Paper Work Completed
New Jersey CleanNew Jersey Clean Energy Program.
SREC Registration Program. Retrieved on October
09, 2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.com/r
enewable-energy/programs/solar-renewable-energy- c
ertificates-srec/new-jersey-solar-renewable-energy
8
Figure 1
9
Figure 2
10
Figure 3
11
The workings of Photovoltaic (PV) System Solar
Electric System
Cell
Solar Electric Modules
















Batteries (optional)
Batteries (optional)
Customer Loads/Utility Grid
New Jersey Clean Energy Program. How Solar Works.
Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tech
nologies/solar/how-solar-works/how-solar-works

12
Work Process PV Systems

• Converts sunlight directly into electricity
• Produces electricity directly from electrons that
  are freed when sunlight interacts with the
  semiconductor material in the solar electric
  cells
• Cells are the basic building blocks of the system
  and are wired together to form modules
• The modules are connected to an electricity
  utility through an inverter that changes the DC
  produced by the cells into AC

New Jersey Clean Energy Program. How Solar Works.
Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tech
nologies/solar/how-solar-works/how-solar-works
13
Benefits PV System

• Helps the environment due to low carbon energy
  technology
• (Alsema, Wild-Scholten, Fthenakis, 2006)
• Stabilize electric costs
• Smaller electric bills
• Uninterrupted electricity supply
• Income (net metering)
• (New Jersey Clean Energy Program, Solar)
• Increased property value
• Reliable power
• (Sharp, Why go solar? the answer is up to you)
  

Alsema, E. A., Wild-Scholten, M. J. de,
Fthenakis, V. M. (2006). Environmental impacts of
PV electricity generation- a critical
comparison of energy supply options. Retrieved on
October 22, 2010 from http//www.clca.columbia.edu
/papers/ 21-EUPVSC-Alsema-DeWild-Fthenakis.pdf
New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Solar.
Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tech
nologies/solar/benefits/benefits Sharp. Why go
solar? The answer is up to you. Retrieved on
October 09, 2010 from http//www.sharpusa.co
m/SolarElectricity/WhyGoSolar.aspx
14
Monthly consumption cost with conventional energy
Appliance Name Energy Cost/month
Air Conditioner 162 19.44
Clothes Dryer 80 9.60
Dishwasher 30 3.60
Coffeemaker 12 1.44
Light Bulb 15 1.80
Refrigerator/ Freezer 165 19.80
New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Size and
Features. Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tec
hnologies/solar/size-and-features/size-and-feature
s
15
Costs ComparisonConventional Energy vs. Solar
Energy

• Solar Energy

• Conventional Energy

• Average house hold cost in the range of 8 - 10
  per watt

• Depends on many factors
• Home under construction
• Modules are integrated into the roof OR
• Mounted on an existing roof
• Selection of equipments
• System component manufacturer
• Contractors installation cost
• 2KW installed system cost approx. 20K or
  10/watt
• 5KW installed system cost approx. 40K or 8/watt

New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Cost,
Incentives, and Savings. Retrieved on October 09,
2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renew
able-energy/technologies/solar/size-and-features/s
ize-and-features
16
ROI - Summary

• Per NJs Finance model explained on slide 4, the
  ROI is as follows
• Using rebate, tax credits, electric cost savings
  the ROI is about 25 years for an average of 10kW
  system
• Adding SRECs which are paid out over the life of
  the system provide about 2,400 per year for a
  10kw system, the ROI is reduced to 10 years from
  25 years

17
Important facts to consider

• Initial high capital cost
• Long term ROI
• Energy depend upon the direction of Sun

18
Conclusion

• Best alternate to conserve energy
• Environmentally viable option
• Initial high cost investment with a long term ROI
• Ample support from the local/state/federal in
  terms of tax rebates, incentives, and other
  financial resources

19
Glossary

• Net Metering A service option available from
  your electric utility that allows your electric
  meter to spin backwards when excess energy is
  generated by your solar electric system. The
  excess energy is effectively stored by the
  utility until it is required for future use by
  the customer
• Solar Cell The basic building block of a solar
  electric system. Solar cells are made of a
  semiconductor material and convert sunlight
  directly into electricity
• Solar Module A group of solar cells, modules
  are the smallest solar electric components sold
  commercially, ranging in power output from 10
  watts to 300 watts
• Inverter A device that converts Direct Current
  (DC) into Alternating Current (AC)
• Kilowatt (kW) 1,000 watts of electric power
• Kilowatt-hour (kWh) A unit of electric power
  consumption indicating the total energy developed
  by the power of one kilowatt acting for one hour

New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Glossary.
Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tech
nologies/solar/glossary/glossary
20
References

• Alsema, E. A., Wild-Scholten, M. J. de,
  Fthenakis, V. M. (2006). Environmental impacts of
  PV electricity generation- a critical comparison
  of energy supply options. Retrieved on October
  22, 2010 from http//www.clca.columbia.edu/papers/
  21-EUPVSC-Alsema-DeWild-Fthenakis.pdf
• Chen, H. H. Pang, C. (2010). Organizational
  forms for knowledge management in photovoltaic
  solar energy industry. Knowledge-Based systems,
  23, 924-933
• HEV. FAQ. What environmental impact does
  photovoltaic solar energy have? Retrieved on
  October 09, 2010 from http//english.energiasverde
  s.com/preguntas-frecuentes/que-impacto-ambiental-t
  iene-la-energia-solar-fotovoltaica.html
• New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Technologies.
  Renewable Energy Technologies. Retrieved on
  October 09, 2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.com
  /renewable-energy/technologies/technologies
• New Jersey Clean Energy Program. FAQs. New
  Jersey's Solar Renewable Energy Certificates
  (SREC) Program and New Jersey's Solar Market
  Transition to Market-Based REC Financing System.
  How does New Jerseys Solar Financing Model Work?
  Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
  http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tool
  s-and-resources/faqs/srecAnchor-Tax-9999
• New Jersey Clean Energy Program. SREC
  Registration Program. Retrieved on October 09,
  2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-e
  nergy/programs/solar-renewable-energy-certificates
  -srec/new-jersey-solar-renewable-energy

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References - Contd.

• New Jersey Clean Energy Program. How Solar Works.
  Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
  http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tech
  nologies/solar/how-solar-works/how-solar-works
• New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Solar. Retrieved
  on October 09, 2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.
  com/renewable-energy/technologies/solar/benefits/b
  enefits
• New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Size and
  Features. Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
  http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-energy/tech
  nologies/solar/size-and-features/size-and-features
  
• New Jersey Clean Energy Program. Cost,
  Incentives, and Savings. Retrieved on October 09,
  2010 from http//www.njcleanenergy.com/renewable-e
  nergy/technologies/solar/size-and-features/size-an
  d-features
• New Jersey Solar FAQ's. Retrieved on October 10,
  2010 from http//www.renewablepowerinc.com/id63.ht
  ml
• Sharp. Why go solar? The answer is up to you.
  Retrieved on October 09, 2010 from
• http//www.sharpusa.com/SolarElectricity/WhyG
  oSolar.aspx
• Siemens. Solar Power. Retrieved on October 09,
  2010 from http//www.energy.siemens.com/us/en/powe
  r-generation/renewables/solar-power/

22
Additional Resources

• Sharp website
• http//www.sharpusa.com/
• http//www.sharpusa.com/SolarElectricity/H
  owSolarWorks/ResidentialFAQ.aspx
• New Jersey Board of Public Utilitieswww.nj.gov/bp
  u
• Mid-Atlantic Solar Energy Industries
  Associationseia.org
• Northeast Sustainable Energy Associationnesea.org
  
• New York Solar Energy Industries Association
  (NYSEIA)nyseia.org
• U.S. Department of Energyenergy.gov
• National Center for Photovoltaicsnrel.gov/ncpv
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory
  (NREL)nrel.gov
• Office of Energy Efficiency Renewable
  Energyeren.doe.gov