READING THE PERIODIC TABLE

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READING THE PERIODIC TABLE
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Groups

• Groups or families are vertical columns.
• Elements that are aligned in the same
• groups have similar properties. There are
• 18 groups.

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Family Names

• Group 1 Alkali Metals
• Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
• Group 3-12 Transition Metals
• Group 17 Halogens
• Group 18 Noble Gases

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Periods

• Periods are horizontal rows on the periodic
• table. Periods represent how many energy
• levels each atom of an element contains.
• There are 7 periods.

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Metals

• About 80 of the elements on the periodic table
  are metals.
• Characteristics of Metals have luster or shine,
  conductors of heat and
  electricity malleable (can be hammered
  into thin sheets) and ductile (can be drawn into
  fine wires)

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Nonmetals

• Elements located to the right of the step
• Characteristics of Nonmetals do not possess a
  metallic luster, are poor conductors of heat and
  electricity, and are neither malleable or ductile

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Semimetals or Metalloids

• Elements that have characteristics of both metals
  and nonmetals (elements that touch the step
  EXCEPT Aluminum)

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Electron Configurations and the Period Table

• Valence electrons are the atoms outermost
  electrons that occupy the highest principal level
  (They are largely responsible for an atoms
  chemical behavior.) The elements in a group have
  similar properties because they have valence
  electrons in similar configurations.

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Blocks of Elements

• The s-block elements consist of the Alkali and
  Alkaline Earth Metals. (Groups 1 and 2)
• The p-block elements consist of the elements in
  Groups 13-18, which include the Halogens (Group
  17) and Noble Gases (Group 18).
• The d-block elements consist of the Transition
  Metals. (Groups 3-12)
• The f-block elements consist of the
  Inner-Transition Metals (Lanthanides and
  Actinides.)