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Greek and Roman Mythology

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Greek and Roman Mythology A Review of The Principal Gods and Goddesses What is a myth? A traditional story rooted in primitive folk beliefs of cultures Uses the ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Greek and Roman Mythology


1
Greek and Roman Mythology
  • A Review
  • of
  • The Principal Gods and Goddesses

2
What is a myth?
  • A traditional story rooted in primitive folk
    beliefs of cultures
  • Uses the supernatural to interpret natural events
  • Explains the cultures view of the universe and
    the nature of humanity

3
In the beginning...
  • was Chaos (shapeless nothingness)
  • Chaos had two children
  • Night (darkness)
  • Erebus (death)
  • All was black, empty, silent, endless.
  • Mysteriously, Love was born of darkness and death.

4
And then...
  • When Love was born, order and beauty began to
    flourish.
  • Love created Light and Day.
  • Earth was created.
  • She was the solid ground, but also a personality.
  • The Earth bore Heaven to cover her and be a home
    for the gods.

5
The First Parents
  • Mother Earth Gaea (Gaia)
  • Father Heaven Ouranos (Uranus)
  • They had three kinds of children
  • Three monsters with 100 hands and 50 heads
  • Three cyclopes
  • The titans
  • These were the first characters that had the
    appearance of life, although it was unlike any
    life known to man.

6
The Titans (The Elder Gods)
  • There were many of them.
  • Enormous size, incredible strength
  • Cronos (Saturn) Ruler of the titans
  • Rhea Wife of Cronos
  • Ocean River that encircled the world
  • Iapetus Father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and
    Atlas (also titans)

7
The Principal Gods
  • Cronos and Rhea were parents of
  • Zeus (Jupiter, Jove)
  • Poseidon (Neptune)
  • Hades (Pluto)
  • Hera (Juno)
  • Hestia (Vesta)
  • Demeter (Ceres)
  • Other Olympians include
  • Athena (Minerva)
  • Ares (Mars)
  • Hebe (Juventas)
  • Hephaestus (Vulcan)
  • Apollo (Apollo)
  • Artemis (Diana)
  • Hermes (Mercury)
  • Aphrodite (Venus)
  • Dionysus (Bacchus)
  • Persephone

8
The Olympians
9
Zeus
  • Roman Name Jupiter (also Jove)
  • Known as The Thunderer
  • Punished wicked by throwing thunderbolts from the
    sky
  • Supreme god of the Olympians became ruler after
    battle where he overthrew his father, Cronus
  • Fathered many characters in mythology many with
    mortal women

10
Zeus
11
Hera
  • Roman Name Juno
  • Zeuss sister and wife
  • Jealous protector of marriage and family
    (ironic!)
  • Known for her beauty and jealousy
  • Punished the women Zeus fell in love with

12
Poseidon
  • Roman Name Neptune
  • Known as The Earth Shaker
  • Zeuss brother (2nd most powerful god)
  • God of the seas and waters could cause storms
  • Also worshiped as the god of horses

13
Hades
  • Roman Name Pluto
  • God of the Underworld/ Dead
  • Brother of Zeus
  • Kingdom of the dead named after him
  • Souls are sent to him to be judged after death
  • Kidnapped Persephone

14
Hestia
  • Roman Name Vesta
  • Goddess of home and hearth
  • Only a small part of myths
  • Powerful Protector
  • Each city had public hearth dedicated to her
    where fire was never allowed to go out

15
Demeter
  • Roman Name Ceres
  • Goddess of the earth, grain, and agriculture
  • Worshiped in harvest festivals
  • Mother of Persephone

16
Athena
  • Roman Name Minerva
  • The Grey-eyed Goddess
  • Goddess of wisdom and warfare
  • Sprang from Zeuss head, wearing a bronze helmet
    and shield
  • City of Athens named after her
  • The Parthenon is a temple to Athena

17
Ares
  • Roman Name Mars
  • Hateful god of war
  • Son of Zeus and Hera
  • Bloodthirsty and merciless bully everyone hated
    him
  • Actually a coward sometimes ran from battles
  • Unpredictable known to switch sides in war

18
Hephaestus
  • Roman Name Vulcan
  • Son of Zeus and Hera married to Aphrodite
  • Friendly god of fire
  • Lame and ugly only immortal who was not
    beautiful
  • Peace-loving nature made him friend to god and
    mortals
  • Kind, unlike his brother
  • Master craftsman and blacksmith
  • Forged armor of the gods

19
Apollo
  • Roman Name Apollo
  • Even-tempered son of Zeus
  • God of light, sun, truth and reason
  • Exceptionally handsome
  • Brother of Artemis
  • Protector of athletes
  • Patron of many arts poetry, music, medicine,
    archery, and agriculture

20
Artemis
  • Roman Name Diana
  • Goddess of the hunt and moon
  • Twin sister to Apollo daughter of Zeus
  • Loved hunting and archery the woods and
    wildlife were sacred to her
  • Worshiped by hunters

21
Hermes
  • Roman Name Mercury
  • Winged messenger of the gods
  • Actions said to be swifter than thought
  • Protector of travelers led souls to the
    underworld
  • Shrewd and most cunning worshiped by thieves
  • Appears in more myths than any other character

22
Aphrodite
  • Roman Name Venus
  • Daughter of Zeus sprang from Uranus testes? Or
    from the ocean foam?
  • Goddess of love and beauty
  • Known as a friend of the lovers patron of
    prostitution!
  • Married to Hephaestus but had affairs

23
Dionysus
  • Roman Name Bacchus
  • God of wine said to have invented the art of
    raising grapes
  • Patron of drama, poetry, and song
  • Brought pleasure to his worshipers
  • Known to have a violent side when followers were
    drunk and out of control

24
Persephone
  • Roman Name Proserpina
  • Goddess of the Underworld
  • Daughter of Zeus and Demeter
  • Abducted by Hades gives us seasons

25
Hebe
  • Roman Name Juventas
  • Goddess of Youth
  • Cupbearer to the Gods
  • Restored youth to the aged

26
Iris
  • Goddess of the Rainbow
  • Messenger for Zeus and Hera
  • Daughter of the titan Thaumus and the nymph
    Electra

27
The Muses
  • Goddesses who presided over the arts and sciences
  • He is happy whom the muses love.
  • Nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne
  • Inspired artists of all kinds

Clio, Urania, Thalia, Melpomene, Erato, Calliope,
Euterpe, Terpsichore, Polyhymnia
28
The Graces
  • Three Goddesses of Grace and Beauty
  • They give life its bloom.
  • Aglaia (Splendor)
  • Euphrosyne (Mirth)
  • Thalia (Good Cheer)

29
The Erinnyes (The Furies)
  • Roman Name Furiae or Dirae (The Furies)
  • Three Goddesses of Vengeance
  • Tisiphone
  • Alecto
  • Megaera
  • They punish evildoers.

30
The Fates
  • Roman Name Parcae, Moirae
  • Three sisters
  • Clotho (The Spinner)
  • Lachesis (The disposer of lots)
  • Atropos (The cutter)
  • They weave, measure, and cut the thread of life
    for humans.

31
The Satyrs
  • Gods of the woods and mountains
  • Shepherd gods
  • Goat men (like Pan)
  • Companions of Dionysus
  • They like to drink, dance, and chase nymphs.

32
The Gorgons
  • Three snake-haired monsters
  • Medusa is most well-known
  • Their look turns men to stone.

33
The Centaurs
  • Half man, half horse
  • Savage creatures (except Chiron)
  • Followers of Dionysus

34
Sources
  • Graphics in this presentation were taken from the
    following web sites
  • http//www.bulfinch.org/fables/search.html
  • http//www.pantheon.org/
  • http//www.messagenet.com/myths/
  • http//mythman.com/
  • http//web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html
  • http//www.paleothea.com/
  • http//www.entrenet.com/7Egroedmed/greekm/myth.ht
    ml
  • This presentation is for educational purposes
    only it has not been and should not be sold or
    used as a vehicle to make money.

35
Janus
  • God of gates and doorways beginnings and
    endings of time
  • January named after him
  • Depicted with two heads facing opposite
    directions looking to the past and the future

36
Pan
  • God of shepherds, flocks, goats, and of the
    mountain wilds
  • Half man, half goat
  • Known for his pan pipe good musician
  • Can be mean and/or nice
  • Likes nymphs ?

37
Cronus
  • Roman name Saturn
  • Known as Father Time
  • Last lord of the Titans
  • Belonged to a race of gods known as the Titans
  • Became lord by killing his cruel father, Uranus
    (castration)
  • Later overthrown by his own son, Zeus (ate his
    kids)

38
Eros
  • Roman Name Cupid
  • God of love
  • Youngest of all the gods
  • Son of Aphrodite and Hephaestus
  • Shoots arrows to make people fall in love with
    the first person they see
  • Often blindfolded to show that love is blind
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