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Agricultural Biotechnology

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Agricultural Biotechnology Iqbal Harbi Mohammed General Board of date Palm What is biotechnology? as a set of tools that uses living organisms (or partsof organisms ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Agricultural Biotechnology


1
Agricultural Biotechnology
  • Iqbal Harbi Mohammed
  • General Board of date Palm

2
What is biotechnology?
  • as a set of tools that uses living organisms (or
    partsof organisms) to make or modify a product,
    improve plants, trees or animals, or develop
    microorganisms for specific uses. Agricultural
    biotechnology is the term used in crop and
    livestock improvement through biotechnology tools
    Biotechnology encompasses a number of tools and
    elements of conventional breeding techniques,
    bioinformatics, microbiology, molecular genetics,
    biochemistry, plant physiology, and molecular
    biology.

3
Biotechnology A collection of technologies
4
The biotechnology tools that are important for
agricultural biotechnologyinclude
  • Conventional plant breeding
  • - Tissue culture and micropropagation
  • - Molecular breeding or marker assisted selection
  • - Genetic engineering and GM crops
  • - Molecular Diagnostic Tools

5
Integration of conventional and modern
biotechnology methods in crop breeding
6
The Applications of Biotechnology
  • Agricultural Biotechnology
  • Plant agriculture
  • Animal agriculture
  • Food processing

7
Applications of Biotechnology
8
Agricultural Biotechnology in Iraq
  • Ministry of Agriculture
  • - Tissue culture laboratory
  • - Biotechnology laboratory

9
Why is Plant Tissue Culture Important?
  • It has made significant contributions in
  • The production of plant material
  • Plant breeding
  • Gene banks
  • The production of chemical compounds

10
Tissue culture
11
Tissue culture
12
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13
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14
Biotechnology laboratory
A) Infrastructure
DNA extraction. PCR amplification. Agarose and
PAGE gel-electrophoresis. DNA fingerprinting
15
B) The human resources
  • Biotechnology expert (Ph.D.)
  • Tissue Culture expert (Ph.D)
  • Agriculture engineers (M.Sc.)
  • Agriculture engineers (B.Sc.)
  • Technicians
  • Temporary technicians
  • Workers

16
C) Objectives
  • Introduction of tissue culture and molecular
    techniques to the
  • Iraq.
  • propagation of local and imported date palm
    cultivars (and other species )using the tissue
    culture technique.
  • Multiplication of other plant species for
    different national projects.
  • Establishment of a genetic map for date palms
    and other species.(olive,potato.wheat,Barley,)
  • Molecular characterization of the Iraq genetic
    resources.
  • Molecular diagnostics.

17
  • Identification of genetically modified crops
  • Identification of fingerprint by protien
    electrophorese
  • Checking of the genetic stability of tissue
    culture plants
  • DNA finger printing for many plant species by
    using different types of molecular markers
  • RAPD
  • AFLP
  • SSR

18
  • Development of a date palm breeding program.
  • Fingerprinting of date palms cultivars.

19
2
Applications of Biotechnology
20
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21
Biofertilizers
The term biofertilizer refers to preparation
containing live microbes which helps in enhancing
the soil fertility either by fixing atmospheric
nitrogen, solubilization of phosphorus or
decomposing organic wastes or by augmenting plant
growth by producing growth hormones with their
biological activities.
22
Advantages of Biofertilizers
23
BIOFERTILIZER ORGANISMS
24
Organic fertilizers
an ecological production management system that
promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological
cycles and soil biological activity. It is based
on minimal use of off-farm inputs and
on management practices that restore, maintain
and enhance ecological harmony.
25
the Important Role of Organic Matter in Soils ??
Physical - Improves aggregation (glue) - Improves
water holding capacity (surface area) ??
Chemical - Increases nutrient availability
(cycling, P and micronutrient solubility -
Increases CEC (200 cmolc kg-1) - Buffers the soil
against pH changes ?? Biological - Increases
microbial diversity - Assists in pathogen
suppression
26
Justification for establishing agricultural
biotechnology network
  • The network will enable scientists of member
    countries to get acquainted with experiences
    gained and progress achieved.
  • The network will enable scientists to learn more
    about recent advances in technologies.
  • Less developed countries will capitalize on more
    advance member countries in training..

27
Justification for establishing agricultural
biotechnology network
  • The network will allow less advanced countries
    get acquainted with these achievements and adopt
    them .
  • The network will help less advanced countries
    learn more on how biotechnology research has been
    integrated in development .
  • How decision makers came to support this type of
    research.
  • Lessons learnt can be made available via the
    network in the annual meetings or through the
    periodical publications.

28
Recommendations
  • Develop an annual report for each joint research
    presented in each country in the field of
    agricultural and biological technologies by way
    which is accessible, compares them and identifies
    common similarities and differences.
  • Conduct joint research on some of the common
    crops grown between the participating countries
    to enable work out through the study of
    environmental and genetic conditions that affect
    the quality and productivity of these crops.
  • Development of a shared location (web site) for
    the dissemination of research and the latest
    developments.

29
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