INTRO TO PUMP OPERATIONS

1
(No Transcript)
2
Bothell Fire and E.M.S.
3
INTRO TO PUMP OPERATIONS

• Written and Produced by
• Jon Troglia
• Bothell Fire and EMS

4
INTRO TO PUMP OPERATIONS2

• Water IN
• Water - OUT

5
Water IN3

• Tank
• (?) Gallons
• 500
• Fire Hydrant
• Drafting

6
Water OUT1

• PUMP IT!!!

7
INTRO TO PUMP OPERATIONS

• Positive displacement
• Hand operated in early times
• A piston in a cylinder used to force water out.
• Rotary pumps
• A hand crank operated gears to force water out.
• Non-Positive displacement
• Centrifugal
• Used primarily as main pump today.

8
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

• Piston.
• Used for high pressure application.
• Quantity is determined by.
• Size of piston.
• Length of stroke.
• No. Of strokes per min.
• No. Of cylinders.

9
(No Transcript)
10
(No Transcript)
11
(No Transcript)
12
(No Transcript)
13

• Rotary
• Developed long after piston pumps
• Its use as a main pump has declined
• Still used today for priming pumps
• Self priming

14
Rotary Gear

• Consists of two gears tightly meshed.
• Picks up water and air between teeth.
• As the teeth rotate its moved toward the
  discharge.
• Due to the close meshing of the teeth water and
  air are forced out.

15
Rotary Vane

• Centrifugal force forces the vanes out.
• Much more efficient than rotary gear.
• Off center mount for increased pressure.
• Commonly used for priming pump

16
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS(Non Positive Displacement)

• Will not discharge a definite amount of water
  with each revolution.
• Uses velocity to convert water to pressure.
• Gives the pump flexibility and versatility
  eliminating the Positive Displacement pump as
  main.
• Theory.
• Needs a spinning disk to create centrifugal
  force.
• Throws water from the center to the outer edge.

17
PUMP COMPONENTS

• Impeller
• Transmits energy in the form of velocity to the
  water.
• 2,000 4,000 rpm.
• Casing
• Collects the water and confines it in order to
  convert the velocity to pressure and directs it
  to the discharge.

18
Impeller

• Eye
• Water enters to the vanes
• Hub
• Around the eye
• Vanes
• Water contacts the vanes and is thrown outward.
• Shrouds
• Water is confined in its travel, which increases
  the velocity for a given speed

19
Casing

• Volute
• Off center impeller
• Stripping edge (Cut Water)
• Diverts water 180degrees apart
• Discharge
• Three factors influencing discharge pressure.
• Amount of water being discharged
• Speed of impeller
• Hydrant pressure

20
Centrifugal Pump Components The two main
components of a centrifugal pump are the impeller
and the volute. The impeller produces liquid
velocity and the volute forces the liquid to
discharge from the pump converting velocity to
pressure. This is accomplished by offsetting the
impeller in the volute and by maintaining a close
clearance between the impeller and the volute at
the cut-water. Please note the impeller rotation.
A centrifugal pump impeller slings the liquid out
of the volute. It does not cup the liquid.
 
21
(No Transcript)
22
Thrusts

• Lateral thrust
• Minimized by Double suction impeller
• Radial thrust
• Minimized by Stripping edge or (Cut Water)

23
Wear or Clearance Rings

• Stops water from reentering the intake eye.
• Replaceable when worn
• Can come in contact with the Hub when overheated.

24
Wear Ring
25
Packing

• Rope fibers impregnated with graphite or lead.
• Pushed into a stuffing box by packing gland.
• Lubricated by pump water.
• Wear is common and adjustment necessary
• 10-120 drips /min. _at_ 150 psi.

26
Pump Packing
27
Pump Packing
Impeller
Wear Rings
28
Flinger ring

• Throws water off the impeller shaft.
• Stops water from entering the gears and bearings
  in the transfer case

29
Flinger Ring
30
PUMP DRIVES

• Separate engine
• Front of the crankshaft
• Power take-off
• Drive shaft operation

31
Separate engine

• Advantages
• Portable.
• Pump speed independent of vehicle.

• Disadvantages
• Limited capacity and pressure.
• Additional engine to maintain.
• Additional fuel

32
Front of the crankshaft

• Advantages
• Simple linkage.
• Simplified controls
• All operations in front of truck.
• Independent drive system, can pump while driving.

• Disadvantages
• Pump subject to freezing and damage.
• Size of pump limited.
• While moving, pump discharge dependent on engine
  speed.
• Clutch can slip.

33
Power take-off

• Advantages
• Can pump in motion.
• Simple linkage.
• Can be used to drive large pumps.

• Disadvantages
• For some engines a limited amount of power is
  available.
• A clutch is required.

34
Drive shaft operation (most common)

• Advantages
• Full power if engine is available for pumping.
• Can be used for large pumps.
• No clutches

• Disadvantages
• Power to drive wheels is disconnected.
• Relatively complex mechanical operation.
• Manual override is necessary for electrical shift
  operation.

35
(No Transcript)
36
DRIVE SHAFT COMPONENTS

• Drive
• Pump Drive gear
• Engine Drive Gear
• Sliding Collar
• Rear Wheel Drive Gear
• Rear Wheel Drive

37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
(No Transcript)
42
PUMP PIPING AND VALVES(Primary components)

• Intake piping
• Discharge piping
• Valves
• Pump drains

43
Intake Piping

• Tank to pump
• Must be large enough to supply enough water for
  adequate hose streams.
• Many as large as 4 in.
• All have check valves

44
Intake Piping

• External piping
• Round outside the pump panel
• Square inside the pump panel
• Front and rear are auxiliary only

45
Discharge Piping

• 2 ½ in. discharge outlets or larger
• Flow rate for a 2 ½ in. 250 gpm
• Handlines smaller than 2 ½ must be connected to
  at least 2 piping.

46
Discharge Piping(Tank fill)

• Provided from the discharge side of the pump
• Must be at least 1 in diameter
• Can be used to circulate water through the pump

47
Valves

• Require repair as they age and are used.
• Most common is the ball valve
• Gate or butterfly also used
• Manually or electrically controlled.

48
Pump drains

• Discharge drains between the control valve and
  the discharge opening.
• Master drain valve.
• Do not operate while pump is running.

49
PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM

• Absorbs surges to the nozzle
• NFPA 1901 required
• Relief Valve
• Pilot valve
• Pressure governor

50
Relief valve

• Set whenever more than one line is being supplied
  by the pump
• Whenever operating in a relay situation.
• To set, lines must be flowing.
• Cannot compensate for a decrease in pressure.
• To operate reliably, it must be exercised.

51
Pilot valve

• One of two valves used to operate the system
• Controls the relief valve
• Located on the pump panel.
• Relief valve
• installed between intake and discharge side of
  pump.

52
Electronic Governor

• Transducer
• A pressure sensing device
• Reduces fuel flow
• Adjusts for cavitation
• Returns to Idle when intake pressure lt 30 psi

53
PRIMING DEVICE

• Needed in order to draft water
• Three types
• Exhaust Primer
• Venturi effect
• Vacuum Primer
• From manifold in gas engines
• Positive Displacement Primer

54
Positive Displacement Primer

• Most common
• Driven by electric motor
• Uses lubricant to seal
• Draws lube and water
• 60 (.004) drill hole in reservoir tube
• NOTE never pull primer while pumping

55
(No Transcript)
56
BYPASS / CIRCULATING LINE

• 3/8 line
• Circulates water from the tank to the tank
• Cools the pump when not flowing

57
Discharge Cavitation Discharge Cavitation occurs
when the pump discharge is extremely high. It
normally occurs in a pump that is running at less
than 10 of its best efficiency point. The high
discharge pressure causes the majority of the
fluid to circulate inside the pump instead of
being allowed to flow out the discharge. As the
liquid flows around the impeller it must pass
through the small clearance between the impeller
and the pump cutwater at extremely high velocity.
This velocity causes a vacuum to develop at the
cutwater similar to what occurs in a venturi and
turns the liquid into a vapor. A pump that has
been operating under these conditions shows
premature wear of the impeller vane tips and the
pump cutwater. In addition due to the high
pressure condition premature failure of the pump
mechanical seal and bearings can be expected and
under extreme conditions will break the impeller
shaft.  
 
58
Fire Commander Fire Commander
The Detroit Diesel Electronic Fire Commander (EFC) is the most versatile pump controller and apparatus information center. It is connected directly to the DDEC III ECM. The EFC operates the pressure sensor governor (PSG) and displays all vital engine operating parameters such as engine temperature, oil pressure, engine RPM, and voltage. It also notifies the driver/ engineer of any problems with the engine and apparatus through the information center's alpha-numeric display. The EFC eliminates the need for OEM installed engine gauges, engine warning lights, relief valve, throttle and also includes a pump preset function.             
The Detroit Diesel Electronic Fire Commander (EFC) is the most versatile pump controller and apparatus information center. It is connected directly to the DDEC III ECM. The EFC operates the pressure sensor governor (PSG) and displays all vital engine operating parameters such as engine temperature, oil pressure, engine RPM, and voltage. It also notifies the driver/ engineer of any problems with the engine and apparatus through the information center's alpha-numeric display. The EFC eliminates the need for OEM installed engine gauges, engine warning lights, relief valve, throttle and also includes a pump preset function.

59
(No Transcript)
60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)