ZOONOTIC%20DISEASES

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ZOONOTIC DISEASES

• Tartu
• 10.3.-11.3.2004

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DEFINITION

• diseases from animals to humans or visa versa
• directly from animals by inhalation, contact or
  bites
• indirectly by contaminated soil or other material
• by vectors (insects)

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IMPORTANCE

• in industrialised countries by food or drinks
  (water, milk etc)
• as occupational diseases rare
• in animal contact
• in environments where animals are

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IN EU

• Council Directive 92/117/EEC
• yearly report on the zoonoses situation in the
  country
• the following is based on the Finnish zoonoses
  report in 1995 - 1999

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MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS (BOVINE TBC)

• TBC free status of bovine herds
• eradicated in 1960s for the most part
• latest detection 1982
• no TBC isolated from deer, swine or zoo animals
  in 2002
• in man M. bovis found 0-1 times a year

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BRUCELLOSIS

• brucellosis free status of bovine herds
• latest case in cattle in 1960
• brucellosis free status of ovine (sheep) and
  caprine (coat) herds
• never recorded in Finland
• porcine brucellosis has been recorded in Finland
• 0-2 human cases a year mostly from food eaten
  abroad

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SALMONELLA

• in 2002 found in two broiler breeding flocks and
  in one turkey breeding flock
• no cases in egg production
• in 9 herds of cattle
• none in swine
• in man 500 - 1 300 domestic cases yearly 2500 -
  3500 abroad
• no occupational cases known

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TRICHINELLA

• trichinellosis has been detected in a few
  domestic swine every year during the last 20
  years
• in 2002 two cases in over 2 million samples
• none found in horses
• two in farmed wild boars
• in wild animals 55 positive of 296 samples
• no human cases in 2002

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RABIES

• since 1991 Finland is free of rabies
• no positive cases in 2002
• vaccination programme
• to immunise wild animals coming from Russia
• 80 000 immunisation baits spread by plane in
  south-eastern border area of 250 km long and
  20-30 km wide
• no human cases

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LISTEROSIS

• listed as a zoonotic disease even if it is
  mostly a microbe of the soil
• for animals Listeria rarely causes diseases
• importance in food-chain
• it can grow in temperatures found in
  refrigerators
• commonly found in soil and animal faeces
• commonly by food, very rarely by direct contact
  to sick animal

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YERSINOSIS

• the third most common cause of bacterial
  gastrointestinal infections (after Campylobacter
  and Salmonella)
• 2002 695 cases reported
• by food or drinks
• according to the serologic studies occupational
  exposure is evident, but clinical disease?
• Occupational nature no shown

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ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS

• found in reindeer close to the Russian border
  and from imported horses
• in 2002 in 21 reindeer out of 65 358 samples
  tested
• none found in cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, pigs,
  horses or moose in 2002
• no human cases in 2002

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TOXOPLASMOSIS

• found in cats, wild animals etc
• causes abortions and malformations in humans
• 34 human cases reported in 2002
• it has been estimated that each year about 50
  children are borne with toxoplasmosis
• no reported cases as an occupational disease in
  Finland

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EHEC 1

• definition disputable
• verocytotoxic E. coli (serotype O157)
• new
• cattle is the main reservoir
• animals are not effected
• in 1997 1,3 of all herds were positive

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EHEC 2

• EHEC dies in heating but can survive freezing
  and stands well acid environment (German type
  sausages)
• in humans the toxins (Stx1 and Stx2) causes the
  symptoms
• hemorrhagic diarrhoea
• mortality 5 in children under 5 y

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EHEC 3

• in the beginning 1990 only a few sporadic cases
  from abroad
• in 1996-1997 the disease spread to Finland
• in 2002 at slaughter 9 positive samples out of
  195
• 17 human cases

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EHEC 4

• not known occupational diseases
• but cases of children living in farms have been
  reported
• children living in farms are in risk

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ERYSIPELOTHRIX

• common microbe in soil
• causes typical disease in swine
• about 5000 cases in swine yearly
• in abattoirs and in farms can be an occupational
  diseases
• causes skin infection in damaged skin
• septic form rare