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Chapter Eleven: Decision Making

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Oligarchy. Delegating decisions. Dictatorship. One person makes the final decision. Oligarchy. A coalition of powerful individuals within the group makes the decision. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter Eleven: Decision Making


1
Chapter Eleven Decision Making
  • William P. Wattles, Ph. D.
  • Francis Marion University

2
(No Transcript)
3
Decision Making
  • Decision making, when a collaborative activity,
    involves generating information and processing
    the information through discussion.

4
Remembering Information
  • Collective memory, a groups combined memory,
    exceeds that of an individual.

5
Decision Making and information
  • Two heads are better than one because two heads
    can store more information.

6
Transactive Memory systems
  • For efficiency information is divided up.

7
Cross-cuing
  • Members give each other cues to improve
    remembering.

8
Group Decision Making
  • Social decision scheme
  • The process by which group input results in a
    decision.

9
Truth Wins rule
  • Works best for eureka type problems.
  • Id know it if I heard it.
  • Works if
  • Someone knows the answer
  • And can sell it to the group

10
Majority Rules Model
  • Any decision favored by more than 50 of members
    will be the groups decision.

11
Delegating decisions
  • Individual or subgroup makes decision
  • Dictatorship
  • Oligarchy

12
Delegating decisions
  • Dictatorship
  • One person makes the final decision
  • Oligarchy
  • A coalition of powerful individuals within the
    group makes the decision.

13
Averaging Individual inputs
  • Average of group rankings.

14
Voting
  • Majority or 2/3 rule.

15
Consensus
  • Discussion lasts until group reaches a unanimous
    result.

16
Problems in group decisions
  • Hidden profile-best answer unknown to group due
    to unshared information.
  • Unshared information still influences judgments

17
Risky Shift Phenomenon
  • The tendency of groups to make riskier decisions
    than individuals.

18
Cautious Shift
  • When groups choose a less risky course of action
    than individuals

19
Group Polarization Hypothesis
  • Group judgments will be more extreme than
    individual judgments.

20
Value Hypothesis
  • People change their view to be consistent with
    the group.

21
Groupthink
  • A strong concurrence-seeking tendency that
    interferes with group decision activity.
  • Example Kennedy and Bay of Pigs invasion.

22
Symptoms of Groupthink
  • Interpersonal pressure
  • Self-censorship
  • Mindguards
  • Apparent unanimity

23
Symptoms of Groupthink
  • Illusions of invulnerability
  • Illusions of Morality
  • End justifies the means
  • Biased perceptions of the outgroup
  • Defective decision making strategies.

24
Causes of Groupthink
  • Cohesiveness
  • Isolation
  • Insulated from criticism
  • Leadership
  • Formal,
  • Decisional Stress
  • insecure

25
Preventing Groupthink
  • No norm of conformity allowed to develop
  • Rules of discussion suspended
  • Agendas avoided
  • New ideas welcomed

26
Preventing Groupthink
  • Kennedy refused to state his personal beliefs
  • Required full pro and con discussion
  • Encouraged criticism
  • Arranged meetings without him
  • Encouraged devils advocate

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The End
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