Urban Air Quality Group

1
Urban Air Quality Group
The Manila Observatory Climate Studies Division

• Jose T. Villarin, PhD SJ (Division Head)
• Emmanuel G. Anglo, PhD (Project Head)
• James B. Simpas, PhD
• Ronald N. Choy, MSc
• Khervin U. Cheng Chua
• Genevieve H. Lorenzo
• Sherdon Niño Y. Uy

2

• The UAQ program aims to provide scientific
  guidance to air quality assessment and mitigation
  policy development. It seeks to achieve this
  through monitoring and modeling activities that
  form the scientific basis of effective air
  quality management.
•  
• The monitoring branch of this program utilizes
  gas and aerosol sampling technologies to diagnose
  the present state of urban air quality. It
  includes the development of local instruments and
  technologies needed to sustain environmental
  monitoring and research in the country.
•  
• The modeling branch of the program applies source
  apportionment, dispersion, and mesoscale modeling
  systems to deepen our understanding of the
  sources, transport, and fate of critically
  important air pollutants in Asian urban centers
  such as Manila.

3
Pollutants Monitored

• Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)
• Ozone, NO2, SO2
• Benzene, Toluene, p-Xylene
• Met Data also available
• Measurement of these gases and met
  parameters were done using a DOAS System and an
  Oregon Scientific Met Station owned by the
  Electrobyte Company.

4
Particulate MatterMonitoring Equipment

• Airmetrics MiniVol Air Sampler

Andersen Dichotomous Air Sampler
5
PM Monitoring Network
6
Sampling Sites and Air Filters
Analyzed for Mass, Black Carbon, Elemental and
Ionic composition.
7
PM2.5 Boxplots
USEPA 24-Hr Standard for PM2.5
USEPA Annual Standard for PM2.5
Average PM2.5 was greatest at NPO. Approximately
50 of the samples at the NPO were above the
USEPA standard value.
8
PM10 Boxplots
24-Hr NAAQGV for PM10
Annual NAAQGV for PM10
Annual value for PM10 was exceeded along EDSA.
Majority of PM10 levels were below the 24-hour
NAAQGV for PM10.
9
Seasonal VariationsParticulate Matter (2000-2003)
Theres hardly any difference in mean seasonal
concentrations though dry season samples tend to
be more variable than those collected during the
wet season.
10
Receptor-based Modeling
Elemental Composition
Source Identity Apportionment
Sea Spray
Traffic
Black Carbon
Biomass
Chemical Mass Balance 8 (CMB8) And Positive
Matrix Factorization (PMF)
11
Dispersion Modeling

• Industrial Source Complex v.3 (ISC3)

Stationary Sources
Traffic Emissions
12
Around 0.5 million people in Metro Manila are
exposed to hazardous levels of particulate
pollution per year.
13
Policy Study
14
Pollutant Gas Monitoring Equipment
OPSIS Receiver
OPSIS DOAS Analyzer
15
Pollutant Gas Concentrations
Criteria pollutants O3, SO2 and NO2, and
hydrocarbons Benzene, Toluene and p-Xylene were
measured continuously and averaged over 5
minutes.
16
SO2 and NO2 Boxplots
24-Hr NAAQV for SO2
Annual NAAQV for SO2
NO2 and SO2 levels in 2003 were below the
National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values
found in the Clean Air Act.
17
Ozone Boxplots
CAA 1-hr Daily Max for O3
29 of the Ozone 1-Hour Daily Max values for 2003
were above the NAAQGV 93 of the 8-Hour Daily
Max Values were above the NAAGV.
18
Weather Station
Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge
Cup Type Anemometer

• Temperature
• /Humidity Sensor

Oregon Scientific Display Panel
19
Real Time Weather Data Online
Data is logged every 5-minutes. Met conditions
may be monitored online.
http//www.observatory.ph /csd/weather/wx.htm