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vicious circle of mood

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depression, social anxiety, agoraphobia, ocd, posttraumatic stress disorder, etc ... biased imagery in social phobia, agoraphobia, and blood/injury phobia. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: vicious circle of mood


1
vicious circle of mood memory
upsetting emotional state depression, social
anxiety, agoraphobia, ocd, posttraumatic stress
disorder, etc
old beliefs linked to the memories aggravate the
situation further
current life experiences trigger memories
(felt- sense, visual and shared
meaning)
facilitated access to memories of similar
negative emotional tone
upsetting memories not yet worked through from
earlier life experiences
disorganized nature of partly repressed emotional
memories means that they have no clear
date-time stamp on them
2
depression imagery research
  • Kuyken W Brewin CR Intrusive memories of
    child- hood abuse during depressive episodes
    Behav Res Ther 199432525-8
  • Kuyken W Brewin CR Autobiographical memory
    functioning in depression and reports of early
    abuse J Abnorm Psychol 1995104585-91
  • Andrews B Bodily shame as a mediator between
    abusive experiences and depression J Abnorm
    Psychol 1995104277-85
  • Brewin CR Cognitive processing of adverse
    experiences Int Rev Psychiat 19968333-9
  • Brewin CR, Reynolds M, et al. Autobiographical
    memory processes and the course of depression.
    J Abnorm Psychol 1999 108(3) 511-7.

3
trauma memories depression 1
  • 31 sufferers from current depression were asked
    about deaths of family or friends about other
    major life events
  • questioned too about events they felt might have
    triggered the current episode of depression
    about childhood - for example harsh discipline or
    unwanted sexual experiences
  • asked too about related memories these were
    defined as spontaneous visual images of
    specific scenes that had actually taken place
  • 87 of these current depression sufferers said
    yes - they had experienced 1-5 different
    intrusive images (avge 2.6)

Brewin CR, Hunter E, Carroll F Tata P
Intrusive memories in depression an index of
schema activation? Psychol Med 1996261271-6
4
trauma memories depression 2
  • 55 of these intrusive memory images involved
    illness or death 21 involved relationship
    or family problems 18 involved abuse and
    assault
  • memories were usually associated with mixed
    feelings of sadness, guilt, anger and
    helplessness, and to a lesser extent anxiety and
    shame
  • scoring these depressive memories using the IES
    showed that they had similar scores to memories
    found in PTSD
  • memories of past abuse and of assault tended to
    be associated with higher IES scores and with
    severer levels of depression

5
clinical implications 1
  • its common for depression sufferers to be
    troubled by significant trauma memories
  • high levels of intrusion associated avoidance
    of trauma memories (high IES scores)
    are associated with more prolonged
    depression even when allowing for the
    initial severity of psychiatric symptoms
  • it seems likely that asking about trauma
    memories using emotional processing methods
    that lower IES scores may well speed recovery and
    possibly may even reduce relapse

6
social anxiety imagery research
  • Hackmann A, Surawy C, et al. Seeing yourself
    through others' eyes A study of spontaneously
    occurring images in social phobia. Behavioural
    and Cognitive Psychotherapy 1998 26 3-12
  • Wells A. Papageorgiou C. The observer
    perspective biased imagery in social phobia,
    agoraphobia, and blood/injury phobia. Behav Res
    Ther 1999 37(7) 653-8.
  • Hackmann A, Clark DM, et al. Recurrent images
    early memories in social phobia. Behav Res Ther
    2000 38(6) 601-10.
  • Hernández-Guzmán L, González S, et al. Effect of
    guided imagery on children's social performance.
    Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 2002
    30 471-483.
  • Hirsch C, and Mathews A. Anticipatory imagery
    and the develop-ment of social anxiety. BABCP
    Annual Conference Abstracts pp 11-12. York,
    2003.
  • Hirsch CR, Meynen T, et al. Negative
    self-imagery in social anxiety contaminates
    social interactions. Memory 2004 12(4) 496-506
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