Exploration and Colonization

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Exploration and Colonization

• U.S./AZ History
• Chapter 1

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Learning Objectives

• Students will be able to describe key components
  of the Colombian exchange.
• Students will be able to list and describe the
  motives for Spanish exploration and colonization
  with emphasis on notable explorers.
• Students will be able to list and describe the
  motives for English exploration and expansion
  with emphasis on key individuals.

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Pre-European North America

• Prior to European contact, many tribes lived in
  North America.
• This included the Hohokam and Pima tribes that
  lived in the Arizona region
• Page 7

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Scene in Europe

• In the 1400s, Europe began to look outward for
  resources to fund their domains.
• Sailing technology improved, which aided
  exploration.
• Country leaders could now send explorers across
  oceans to find new lands and resources.

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Spanish Exploration
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Spanish Exploration

• 1492- Christopher Columbus sailed across the
  Atlantic for Spain in search of an improved route
  to Asia.
• He landed in Hispaniola thinking it was Asia.
• His trip to N. America introduced new entities to
  the native people

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Christopher Columbus
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Columbian Exchange

• New to N. America
• -Coffee
• -Sugar Cane
• -Cattle
• -Horses
• -Small Pox
• -Flu
• -Measles

• New to Europe
• -Tobacco
• -Tomato
• -Vanilla
• -Corn
• -Peanut
• -Turkey
• -Potatoes

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Spanish Development

• Spain conquers the Aztecs in Mexico, the Incas in
  Peru, and the Native Americans in the US
  Southwest.
• 1540- Francisco Coronado explored much of the SW
  in search of gold, but found only native peoples
  instead.

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Coronados Exploration
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You can be any religion you want as long as its
Catholic

• The Spanish begin to build missions to convert
  the native people to Catholicism.
• This led native leaders like Pope to lead
  resistance movements against the Spanish.

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British Colonization
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British Exploration

• John Smith headed a group that founded the colony
  of Jamestown in Virginia in 1607.
• Joint stock companies funded the expedition in
  hopes of finding gold and making a quick profit.

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Jamestown

• No gold was found and the colony was forced to
  focus on tobacco.
• Indentured servants came to Jamestown to work the
  crops.
• Native Americans and the colonists often raided
  each others camps.

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• John Winthrop headed a group a Puritans to
  Massachusetts.
• The Puritans eagerly tried to convert Native
  peoples which led to constant wars.
• 1675- In King Phillips War, Native people burnt
  down many Puritan camps leading the colonists to
  respond in kind.

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Other Colonies

• The Dutch settled New Netherland (New York)
• The English Quaker William Penn formed
  Pennsylvania
• 13 regions developed forming the British Colonies

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Mercantilism

• Mercantilism Gain as much gold and silver as
  possible, maintain favorable balance of trade.
• Navigation Acts (1651)- The colonies could only
  export goods to England and any country that
  wanted to trade with the colonies had to go
  through English shipping.

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Triangle Trade

• The souths plantation economy needed labor, thus
  African slaves were brought to the colonies.
• This began the institution of slavery that would
  cause the future U.S. many problems.

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Colonial Movements

• The Enlightenment- Movement toward more
  scientific and rational thinking in the search
  for truth and knowledge. Humans have natural
  rights. (Ben Franklins kite experiment)
• Great Awakening- Religious revivals aimed at
  restoring puritan ideals and challenged
  traditional church doctrine.

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French and Indian War (1754)

• French and British forces began fighting over
  territory in North America.
• The English won the war and took Canada from the
  French and Florida from Spain.

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Pontiacs Rebellion (1763)

• Pontiac captured many forts along the Ohio Valley
  causing the English to trade blankets infected
  with small pox to the NAs.
• The Proclamation line of 1763- Stated the
  colonists were not allowed to settle west of the
  Appalachian mountains.

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