Campus Emergency Management: Your Future Could Depend on It

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Campus Emergency ManagementYour Future Could
Depend on It

• Emergency Management Planning, Preparedness,
  Training and Education Workshop for Colleges and
  Universities

Brendan McCluskey, JD, MPA
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Assumptions

• Disasters and emergencies will occur
• Emergency Management is a discipline with
  specialized training, education, expertise,
  knowledge, skills, abilities, and other
  qualifications
• Plan for up to a worst case scenario and
  maintain a high level of readiness using concept
  of all hazards
• Be capable of implementing plans with and without
  warning
• Maximize use of existing critical
  infrastructures, facilities, and resources
• Everyone has a role in managing emergencies

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Plans vs. Planning Process

• In preparing for battle I have always found that
  plans are useless, but planning is
  indispensable.
• Dwight D. Eisenhower

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Risk Assessment

• Can it happen here?

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Risk Assessment

• Can it happen here?
• YES IT CAN!

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead Tragedy at Virginia Tech

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead Tragedy at Virginia Tech
• 750 homeless

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead Tragedy at Virginia Tech
• 750 homeless Dorm fire at McMaster U

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead Tragedy at Virginia Tech
• 750 homeless Dorm fire at McMaster U
• 3,000 unemployed

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead Tragedy at Virginia Tech
• 750 homeless Dorm fire at McMaster U
• 3,000 unemployed UTMB post-Hurricane Ike

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead Tragedy at Virginia Tech
• 750 homeless Dorm fire at McMaster U
• 3,000 unemployed UTMB post-Hurricane Ike
• 47.2 Million in damages

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Consequence Analysis

• 32 dead Tragedy at Virginia Tech
• 750 homeless Dorm fire at McMaster U
• 3,000 unemployed UTMB post-Hurricane Ike
• 47.2 Million in damages
• FL SUS 2004-05 hurricane season

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Consequence Analysis
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Westmont College Montecito, CA
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Union University Jackson, TN
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Our Lady of the Lake University San Antonio, TX
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2008 Flooding Iowa River
232M in damages - buildings/facilities - loss
of power plant
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University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX
Business interruption 276MBuilding damage
225MExternal campus cleanup 67MClinical
equipment 52MInfrastructure 43MResearch
equipment 18MIT equipment 12MKitchen
replacement 8MEducation replacement
5MEvacuation 4M
Total 710 Million
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NorEaster 2007 (UMDNJ)
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Hazardous Weather

• New Orleans Hurricane Katrina
• Dillard (500M), Xavier, UNO, LSU HSC, Tulane,
  others
• March 15, 2008 Atlanta (GA)
• Tornadoes damage colleges
• Union U (TN) February 5, 2008
• Tornado destroys buildings
• U of Louisville January 30, 2008
• Severe storms damage facilities

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Hazardous Weather

• U Maryland September 2001
• Tornado damages instructional and student
  services space
• Two students killed
• U Texas HSC Houston June 2001
• Tropical Storm Allison
• East Carolina U September 1999
• Hurricane Floyd
• U North Dakota April 1997
• Red River floods
• U Miami August 1992
• Hurricane Andrew

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Shootings

• Virginia Tech April 16, 2007
• 33 dead, 15 wounded
• Delaware State September 21, 2007
• 2 wounded
• U of Memphis September 30, 2007
• 1 dead
• Louisiana Tech February 8, 2008
• 3 dead
• Northern Illinois February 14, 2008
• 6 dead, 16 wounded

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Fires

• Delft (The Netherlands) May 13, 2008
• High-rise buildings (School of Architecture)
• Our Lady of the Lake May 5, 2008
• Residence hall, dining facility, offices
• Florida AM April 10, 2008
• Research Labs/Chemical Fire
• Southern California Wildfires 2007
• Pepperdine U and others
• Seton Hall U January 2000
• Dormitory 3 dead, 12 seriously injured

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Public Health Threats

• April 2008 Adams State (Colorado)
• Salmonella outbreak
• November 2007 U of Western Ontario
• Salmonella outbreak
• March 2007 Fairleigh Dickenson U
• Norovirus outbreak
• May 2008 Griffith U (Australia)
• TB exposure

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Terrorism and Related Incidents

• Suspicious packages and bomb threats
• Hostage situations
• ELF, ALF, SHAC, PETA, etc.
• WTC Attacks September 2001
• Pace, NYU, others
• UC-Davis March 2006
• Explosives in dorm room

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Other Emergencies(including potential
emergencies)

• Power outages
• July 1999 (NYC) Columbia U PS
• Dignitary visits
• Protests
• Earthquakes
• Northridge (CA) 1994
• (see Academic Aftershocks)
• Other naturally-occurring and man-made disasters

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Colleges and Universities

• Open, quasi-society community
• Multi-cultural
• Many socio-economic backgrounds
• Typical age range 18-25 years old
• 18.3 million students, faculty, staff at 4,300
  colleges and universities
• 340 Billion in endowment assets
• Small communities or big business?

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Small Communities or Big Business?

• Ohio State University 52,586
• University of Florida 51,725
• Arizona State University 51,481
• University of Minnesota 50,833
• University of Texas - Austin 50,170
• University of Central Florida 48,699
• Texas AM University 46,542
• Michigan State University 46,045
• Penn State University 43,252
• University of Wisconsin 42,041

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HBCUs

• Over 100 HBCUs in the US
• 300,000 students
• 2 of all students 14 of all African American
  students
• 30,000 Bachelors Degrees awarded annually
• 10,000 Graduate Degrees awarded annually
• Includes Masters, first professional, and
  Doctorate
• Small communities or big business?

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Small Communities or Big Business?

• Howard University 10,586
• St. Philips College 9,899
• Morgan State University 6,705
• Alabama AM University 5,214
• Grambling State University 5,161
• Xavier University 4,100
• Delaware State University 3,756
• West Virginia State University 3,344
• Morehouse College 2,800

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Colleges and Universities

• Students and Faculty
• Turnover
• Intellectual capacity
• Facilities
• Research
• Classrooms
• Dormitories
• Libraries
• Sports and entertainment venues
• Other Assets

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Colleges and Universities

• Power Plants
• Mechanical rooms
• Hazardous waste storage rooms
• Confined spaces
• Tunnels
• High-rise buildings
• Loading docks
• Streets and Roads

• Chemicals
• Laboratories
• Support areas
• Biologicals
• Laboratories
• Health centers
• Radiologicals
• Laboratories
• Health centers
• Combustibles

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Why Do Emergency Planning?

• Its simply a good business practice
• Its the right thing to do
• It may be a requirement under federal/state law
• It can ultimately save money
• It promotes resilience, which might lead to
  better chances to secure grants and other funding

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So, I ask

• Who is ensuring the safety and security of our
  campuses?

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So, I ask

• Who is ensuring the safety and security of our
  campuses?
• Who is preparing them for all types of
  emergencies?

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So, I ask

• Who is ensuring the safety and security of our
  campuses?
• Who is preparing them for all types of
  emergencies?
• Who will pick up the pieces afterward?

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So, I ask

• Who is ensuring the safety and security of our
  campuses?
• Who is preparing them for all types of
  emergencies?
• Who will pick up the pieces afterward?
• How do we survive?

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University President/Chancellor

• Must take the lead before disasters, during
  disasters, and after disasters
• Decision-making during disasters quick and
  independent
• Personification of institution public face
• Work to minimize enrollment loss
• Disaster recovery and long-term goals of
  institution
• Stages to recovery are predictable
• Role in community and region
• Matters of the heart matter

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Institutional Responsibilities

• Atmosphere of preparedness
• Emergency response
• Incident management
• Emergency Operations Center
• Notification
• Training
• Tracking students
• Recovery and business continuity
• Etc.

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Campus Emergency Management

• Public Safety model
• University of Texas - Austin Rutgers University
• Environmental Health Safety model
• Florida State University Cornell University
• Stand-alone department model
• UCLA UMDNJ
• Other

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Involving Students and Faculty
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Involving Students and Faculty
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Involving Students and Faculty
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Campus CERT Programs

• C-CERT Goals
• Enhance the preparedness of citizens and first
  responders in campus communities nationwide for
  all hazards
• Expand implementation of the national Citizen
  Corps and CERT programs in all types and sizes of
  institutions of higher education
• Institutionalize citizen preparedness within
  these high profile, multicultural, educational
  communities
• Michigan State University
• http//www.c-cert.msu.edu/

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Mass Notification

• Post VA Tech Text Messaging
• Other options
• FSU has 25 methods!
• UCLA has a CAP system!
• Scripted/pre-formatted messages
• Disaster messages are most effective if they
• Are tailored to the specific emergency
• Are tailored to the populations at highest risk
• Integrate hazard information management with
  public response (give people something to do)

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Mass Notification

• Plan must address
• Triggering events (when will it be used?)
• Who can activate plan and systems?
• Who crafts, approves, and sends the messages?
• How often is plan and system tested?
• Mass notification should not rely on one
  technology (should be multi-modal)
• Joint Information Center (JIC)

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Communications Methods

• Sirens
• Flashing Lights
• Radio and Television
• Walkie-Talkies
• Pop-up Messages
• Pagers
• Word-of-Mouth
• What else???

• Telephones, Cell Phones, Voice Mail
• SMS/SMTP Text Messaging
• Email
• Intranet/Internet
• Loudspeakers
• Fire Alarm System
• Video Monitors

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Business Continuity

• Recovery phase
• Continuing essential operations during emergency
• What is essential in an academic setting?
• Education classroom and on-line
• Research activities
• Administrative tasks
• Support and other functions
• How to prioritize?

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Higher Education Act

• Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008
• Enacted on August 14, 2008 (P.L. 110-315)
• Amends and reauthorizes the HEA
• Clery Act changes, including notification
• Emergency Procedures and Evacuation Plans
• Fire Safety
• Missing Persons

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Higher Education Act

• Clery Act
• Mutual aid agreements between law enforcement
  agencies
• New reportable offenses (bias crimes)

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Higher Education Act

• Emergency Plans and Notification
• Policy statement
• Emergency Plans
• Evacuation Plans
• Immediate Emergency Notification
• Publicize plans on at least an annual basis
• Exercise plans annually

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Higher Education Act

• Fire Safety Reporting
• Similar to Clery Act
• Annually publish fire safety report
• Number of fires
• Injuries and deaths
• Property damage
• Description of safety systems, including
  sprinklers
• Drills and exercises
• Policies on open flames, smoking, appliances, etc.

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Higher Education Act

• Missing Persons
• Missing student notification policy
• Confidential contact information
• Notification of law enforcement
• Official notification procedures

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Other Legislation

• Illinois (passed Senate committee)
• Requires exercises, but not plans
• New Jersey (introduced)
• Business continuity, not emergency response
• Virginia (enacted)
• Colleges and universities must have plans
• Louisiana (did not pass)
• Concealed carry on campuses

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Reports

• New Jersey
• University of Florida system
• University of California system
• Ohio
• University of North Carolina system
• Kentucky
• Virginia

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International Association of Emergency Managers
(IAEM)

• Association formed in 1952
• Membership many thousands
• Most in U.S., but is worldwide association
• Mission
• Networking, education, professional development,
  and advancing the profession of Emergency
  Management

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• Represents the emergency management issues
  surrounding college and university campuses
• Special and sometimes unique considerations when
  preparing students, faculty, staff, and visitors
• For campus emergency management practitioners
  (not academics)

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• 28 Professional Emergency Managers
• Primary and alternate representatives from each
  IAEM-USA (FEMA) region
• Guest representatives from IAEM-Canada and
  Student Councils
• 10 Advisory Panel members

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• International listserv
• DRU list 450 members
• Fast-growing segment within IAEM
• Fast-growing segment within the EM profession
• Partnerships with other associations, government
  agencies, and related organizations
• Pre-IAEM Conference Workshop
• Representatives from 100 colleges and
  universities
• http//www.iaem.com/Committees/College/

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• Goal 1 To promote the importance of developing
  organized, comprehensive, all-hazard and
  integrative emergency management at all
  universities and colleges.
• Growth of campus emergency management
• Post-Virginia Tech task force recommendations
• Competing interests

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• Goal 2 To facilitate networking,
  communication, and best-practice sharing between
  university and college emergency management
  practitioners.
• DRU E-mail Discussion Forum
• Pre-Conference Workshop
• Reference Repository
• Higher Education Mutual Aid Network (HE-MAN)

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• Goal 3 To promote the inclusion of university
  and college emergency management practitioners in
  the multi-jurisdictional, multi-disciplined, and
  multi-hazard emergency planning conducted at the
  campus, local, regional, state and federal
  levels.
• National Center for Campus Safety Emergency
  Management
• External agency partnerships

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Organizations

• FEMA Higher-Ed Project
• NEMA
• State/local EMA

• CSHEMA
• IACLEA
• URMIA
• NACUBO
• SCUP
• EDUCAUSE

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• Goal 4 To facilitate awareness of current
  legislative and planning issues in emergency
  management and interpretation of their effects on
  universities and colleges.
• Higher Education Opportunity Act 2008
• Campus Safety Act
• IAEM Government Affairs Committee

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• Goal 5 To promote professionalism and
  professional development of university and
  college emergency management practitioners/program
  s.
• Program certifications and accreditation
• NWS StormReady Universities
• Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP)
• NACUBO Campus Safety Initiative
• Individual training and certification
• Published articles (IAEM Bulletin, etc.)

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Universities and Colleges Committee

• Incident Command System ICS-100 for Higher
  Education (FEMA/EMI IS-100.HE)
• Multi-Hazard Emergency Planning for Higher
  Education
• NFPA 1600 Revisions
• US Department of Education Emergency Management
  for Higher Education (EMHE) Grant Program

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Campus Emergency Management

• Elements of a SUCCESSFUL CAMPUS EMERGENCY
  MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
• All-hazards approach risk-based format
  identification of vulnerabilities process of
  planning
• Comprehensive nature covering preparedness,
  response, recovery, and mitigation business
  continuity training and exercises crisis
  communications, etc.
• Knowing the state of readiness of the institution
• Development and maintenance of relationships
  with president and senior administration
  internal departments other colleges and
  universities and, external entities (local
  emergency management, fire, EMS, etc.)
• Coordination and communication (internal and
  external)
• Appropriate use of technology
• Access to resources
• Promotion of an atmosphere of preparedness

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Campus Emergency Management

• The Campus Emergency Manager should
• Be the central point of coordination for all
  emergency management and disaster planning
  activities
• Be a professional emergency management
  practitioner
• Be placed in a logical position within the
  university hierarchy
• Have access to senior administration
• Receive support from the president/chancellor
• Resources available
• Local and state Offices of Emergency Management
• FEMA and EMI
• Including online, instructor-led, and resident
  training programs
• IAEM Universities and Colleges Committee (UCC)
• DRU Listserv (access to gt 450 other campus EMs)
• DRU Repository

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Texas AM University (2009)
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Texas AM University (2009)

• U.S. Army UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter crash
• 1 dead, 4 seriously injured
• Response handled by
• Texas AM University, College Station, and Bryan
  Police Departments
• Bryan and College Station Fire Departments
• Brazos County Sheriff's Department
• Jason Moats, TAMU EM Trainer
• We just had a shooter exercise before the
  holiday break and I think I can safely say that
  while the incidents (shooter vs. crash) are
  worlds apart, the exercise has paid off with huge
  dividendsthis could have been much worse,
  thankfully it was not.

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Guiding Principles

• Colleges and universities need to follow the
  principles of emergency management
• Its not just about shootings!
• Sweat the small stuff use your plan for small
  events too
• Plan-Train-Exercise-Repeat
• Communicate
• Everyone has responsibilities
• Get involved

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Thank You! Questions?

• Brendan McCluskey, JD, MPA
• Executive Director
• UMDNJ Office of Emergency Management and
  Occupational Health and Safety
• 30 Bergen Street ADMC 304
• Newark, NJ 07101-1709 USA
• 973-972-6164 (office)
• 973-972-6104 (fax)
• 973-445-9083 (mobile)
• 856-535-0103 (mobile)
• brendan.mccluskey_at_umdnj.edu (email)
• http//ready.umdnj.edu (web)