TECHNOLOGY

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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
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Definition

• Technology transfer is a process that permits the
  flow of technology from a source to a receiver
• - source could be individual, company, or
  country

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Classification of Technology Transfer

• International Technology Transfer
• Regional Technology Transfer
• Cross-Industry or Cross-Sector Technology
  Transfer
• Interfirm Technology Transfer
• Intrafirm Technology Transfer

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Channels of Technology Flow

• General Channels
• Reverse-Engineering Channels
• Planned Channels
• -Licensing
• -Franchise
• -Joint Venture
• -Turnkey Project
• -Foreign Direct Investment
• -Technical Consortium Joint RD Project

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International Technology Transfer The Singapore
Model

• Establish/maintain a clean, effective government
  respected by the people
• Avoid internal squabbles
• Build on areas of strength
• Encourage savings to increase investment while
  avoiding external debt
• Encourage family projects and local industry to
  create economic opportunities

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International Technology Transfer The Singapore
Model

• Do not waste funds on huge projects
• Encourage investment by both small investors and
  multinationals
• Promote education
• Develop effective strategies for technology
  transfer

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Advantages of an Active Technology Transfer
Process

• Conveys information on current and planned
  developer and user programs in timely manner
• Provide real-time feedback and criticism on
  specific technology or problem items
• Allows transmittal of ancillary information that
  is not available in formal literature or reports

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Advantages of an Active Technology Transfer
Process

• Allows the transfer agents to to manage and
  control in a user-need or applied direction
• Requires relatively small expenditure of effort
  and time relative to the results obtained

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Guidelines for Setting Up Intrafirm Transfer Teams

• 1. The smaller the team the better
• 2. People work best in an atmosphere of trust and
  healthy competition
• 3. Building teamwork and motivating the team
  members are critical
• 4. The chain of command and communication
  channels should be well understood by all
• 5. Success is largely dependent on the quality of
  the people selected

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Technology Transfer in the Americas

• Todays Technological Reality
• The Reality in the Developing Countries of Latin
  America
• Common Nature of the Vital Technologies
• The Transfer Process
• Additional Resources

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The Transfer Process

• Relocation Phase
• Identification of a specific technology and a
  donor organization
• Negotiations between the parties involved
• Legal agreements to accomplish the transfer
• The actual relocation of the hard technology to
  a foreign site

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The Transfer Process

• Absorption Phase
• Begins after technology arrives in the foreign
  country
• Ends when receiver masters the technology

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Objectives of a Parallel Transfer

• Train personnel who will use new technology
• Educate technologists who will be able to use the
  technology to solve problems
• Exchange ideas on production methods and
  management techniques to best utilize the
  technology
• Empower and involve employees of both
  organizations in new product and technology
  development and innovation

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Prospects for Conversion of the Defense
Industrial Base

• The Conventional Wisdom Defense Manufacturing as
  an Isolated Distorted System
• Data Description
• The Extent of Defense Manufacturing
• Customer Diversity Competitive Pressures
• Subcontracting
• Technology Investment Practices