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Tetanus

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The third eyelid protrudes partially across the eye (normally not seen in healthy animal) ... Fluid therapy to prevent dehydration. Prevention of Tetanus ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Tetanus


1
Tetanus
  • All mammals are susceptible, however dogs rarely
    get tetanus, cats are very resistant, birds are
    resistant and horses are the most susceptible.
  • Caused by the anaerobic bacteria Clostridium
    tetani that is spore forming and is found in
    soil and the intestinal tract.

2
  • Worldwide occurrence, most frequent in warmer
    climates.
  • Organism enters the body through punctures or
    lacerations that create an anaerobic environment
    where it can grow. Bacteria remain localized and
    as they die they release a powerful neurotoxin
    that attacks the nervous system.
  • Incubation period 10 to 14 days.

3
Symptoms of Tetanus
  • Muscle spasms, sometimes violent, following
    sudden loud noises or touch.
  • Incoordination, chewing or grinding of the teeth
    (lockjaw), mouth partially open with lips drawn
    back.
  • Erect ears with the tail elevated and stiff in
    cattle and horses, assume a sawhorse stance.
  • Sweating is usually observed.
  • The third eyelid protrudes partially across the
    eye (normally not seen in healthy animal).

4
  • Temperature slightly above normal, but may reach
    108 to 110oF just prior to the animal dying.
  • Animals heart and respiratory rat increase.
  • Animal goes down and dies.

5
  • Mortality is about 80
  • Animals that survive recover in 2 to 6 weeks,
    immunity usually does not develop following
    recovery.

6
Treatment of Tetanus
  • Tranquilization of the animal to prevent injury
    during convulsions.
  • Antibiotics (penicillin preferred) to kill the
    organism and stop toxin production. Following
    treatment animal becomes sicker due to sudden
    release of toxin from dead bacteria, if they
    survive this they may recover.

7
  • Tetanus antitoxin may be used.
  • Fluid therapy to prevent dehydration.

8
Prevention of Tetanus
  • Vaccinate with tetanus toxoid (active immunity)
    on a yearly basis.
  • If an animal is thought to have been exposed
    (wounds or surgical procedures) give tetanus
    antitoxin.
  • Keep pastures and housing areas clean and free of
    objects that might cause a puncture wound.
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