The Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ) will address the overarching question:

1
CMarZ Overarching question

• The Census of Marine Zooplankton (CMarZ) will
  address the overarching question
• What are the patterns of zooplankton
  biodiversity throughout the world ocean, and how
  are they generated and maintained?

2
CMarZ Hypotheses

• The hypotheses that will guide the design,
  development, and implementation of CMarZ include
  
• H1. Zooplankton biodiversity differs among
  biogeographical regimes and provinces, and is
  related to ecosystem stability and productivity.
• H2. Population genetic continuity among
  geographic regions is more extensive for deep-sea
  species than for surface dwelling ones.
• H3. Environmental heterogeneity increases the
  frequency of endemic and cryptic species.
• H4. High zooplankton biodiversity results in
  foodwebs with more complex biotic relationships.
• H5. Natural and anthropogenic changes are
  decreasing endemism and significantly altering
  biogeographical distributions of marine
  zooplankton.
• H6. Many zooplankton species occur at low
  abundances over broad geographical distributions,
  crossing geological and oceanographic dispersal
  barriers.

3
Taxonomic information is essential to analysis of
zooplankton (and ocean) ecology

• Community structure and energy flow are not
  defined by biomass alone
• Species function differently and have different
  effects on how ecosystems work
• Species are the units of adaptation the
  intersection of genome and environment
• Changes in species diversity signal changes in
  environment
• Baseline biodiversity data needed to asses
  effects of anthropogenic and global climate
  change.

4
Functional importance of taxonomic structure for
marine ecosystems

• Marine bioinvasions
• Global elemental cycles carbon pump
• Food web efficiency and stability
• Pelagic speciation models
• Phylogenetic relationships
• Patterns of endemism
• Molecular clocks
• Management of marine ecosystems
• Indicators of ecosystem health
• Fisheries oceanography

5
Ecological Analysis Progress to Date

• Majority of CMARZ related projects presented here
  are ecological in nature
• Biodiversity relative to environment
• Cruise to Sargasso Sea (Wiebe)
• Benguela current communities (Verheye)
• MAR-ECO (Melle)
• Japanese time-series (Sugisaki)
• Chinese coastal surveys (Sun)

6

• Trophic structure or
• Human interactions..
• Black Caspian Seas (Kideys)
• Indonesian reef communities (Cornils)
• Japanese time-series

• Adaptation to seasonal changes
• Antarctic zooplankton life cycles (Schiel)
• Longer term changes
• Benguela current
• Japanese time-series
• Inner-space speciation in Celebes Sea (Madin)

7
Should CMARZ have a formal role in ecological
analysis?

• Are taxonomic goals enough?
• Should CMARZ broaden its role? How?