Martin Luther

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Comunicación y Gerencia

• Martin Luther

The Protestant Reformation

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Martin Luthers 95 Theses

• Around 1517 Martin Luther, a German priest posted
  a list of grievances against the Roman Catholic
  Church that included the sale of indulgences and
  other church abuses

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95 Theses - Grievances

• Indulgences
• Sacrament of Penance
• Existence of Purgatory
• Authority of the Pope
• Authority of the Priests
• Source of Salvation
• Seven Sacraments only 2 Biblical in nature

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95 Theses

• 8. Wealth of the Catholic Church
• 9. Latin language used in service
• 10. Latin as language of the Bible
• 11. Abusive practices and torture to those
  believed to be heretics
• 12. Governing power of the Roman Catholic Church
• 13. Interpretation of Scripture

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The Catholic Church Responds

• Church leaders saw Luthers views as an attack
  against the fundamental beliefs of the church
• 1521 Luther was excommunicated from the Church
• Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms

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Diet of Worms

• Luther brought before an assembly of state
  leaders in the city of Worms.
• He refused to recant his teachings and postings
  against the Catholic church.
• Luther was declared a heretic and forbidden to
  sell, print or write any further accusations
  against the church.
• Luther went into hiding.

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The Reaction of the Catholic Church

• Luthers actions created a following and those
  that spoke against the Roman Catholic Church were
  excommunicated, accused of heresy and often
  burned at the stake.

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The Spread and Impact of the Reformation

• The growth of Protestantism forced reform within
  the Catholic Church .
• This movement was called the Counter-Reformation.
• Catholic leaders worked to strengthen the church
  in response to the Reformation.

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The Council of Trent

• A meeting, called by Pope Paul III, held by
  church leaders that began in 1545 and worked for
  18 years to combat the corruption within the
  church.
• The council gave a more precise statement of
  Catholic teachings

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Council of Trent

• The Catholic Churchs Reaction to the Protestant
  Reformation through the Counter-Reformation
• The Council of Trent hoped to appease those who
  were the biggest supporters of the Protestant
  Reform

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Counter-Reformation Points

• Took steps to stop sale of religious offices.
• Prayers, not payments were the only acceptable
  method of Penance.
• Purgatory would still exist and be a way to
  Salvation
• There was no real change in the sole authority of
  the Pope, however, laity and lower clergy had no
  power

• The authority of the bishops and priests was
  strengthened but they were expected to have more
  authority within the community.
• Good works as a way to salvation was reaffirmed.
• The seven sacraments were upheld.
• The wealth of the Catholic church was diminished,
  could not acquire wealth through the selling of
  church offices, only through charity.

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Counter-Reformation Points

• Vernacular language was important for the people
  to understand and be able to read Scripture and
  to further their understanding of the Catholic
  faith and Biblical teachings.
• Logic and argument were to be used as defense of
  beliefs put forth in the Catholic church, no
  longer were the powers of the church allowed to
  accuse people of heresy without just cause and
  proof.
• The pope would no longer be involved in the
  politics of government and kings, his focus was
  to be as a religious leader.
• The interpretation of Scripture was to be in the
  vernacular language and the focus of religion
  should be the application of Scripture to life

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