MODULE 8 Applying Prevention to Community Groups

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MODULE 8Applying Prevention to Community Groups
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Part 1Engaging the Faith Community In Substance
Abuse Prevention
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Current Prevention Research

• Importance of multiple efforts
• Target various ages
• Address individuals as well as broader community
• Sustain efforts over time

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Introduction

• Substantial search that shows positive
  relationships between spirituality and
  religiosity on physical and behavioral health.
• Little credible research that shows the
  effectiveness or ineffectiveness of faith - based
  programs in the substance abuse field.

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Introduction (contd)

• A broad community approach to substance abuse
  prevention will require
• Meaningful dialogue and an understanding of
  faith, spirituality, and the importance of
  faith-based programs.
• Adopting different paradigms to work with
  religious groups and institutions.
• Consideration of the medical research on faith,
  spirituality, religion, and health.

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Definitions of Spirituality Religion Religion

• The outward expression of spiritual impulses, in
  the form of specific religion or practice
  (Pelletier, 2000)
• Is characterized by a set of particular beliefs
  around God or a higher power shared by a group of
  individuals, and the practices, rituals, and
  forms of governance that determine how those
  beliefs are expressed. (CASA, 2001)

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Definitions of Spirituality Religion
Spirituality

• An inner sense of something greater than
  oneself, a recognition of a meaning to
  existence. (Pelletier, 2000)
• Is a deeply personal and individualized response
  to God, a higher power or an animating force in
  the world? (CASA, 2001)

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Definitions of Spirituality Religion
Spirituality (contd)

• One does not have to engage in religious rituals,
  belong to a church, or even believe in God to be
  spiritual.

(CASA, 2001)
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Religion, Spirituality and Health

• Shamans and other religious figures have been
  deliverers of health care for as long as human
  societies have existed.
• Only in the past 200-300 years has physical
  disease been understood outside of religious or
  spiritual terms.
• In 1990, fewer than five medical schools in the
  US offered courses in religion, spirituality and
  medicine.
• In 2001, nearly 80 of 126 US medical schools
  either require or offer these courses.

(CSAT, 2001)
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Why the Renewed Interest?

• Mounting evidence from various empirical studies
  about the use of religion as a coping strategy
  associated with better psychological adjustment
  and better health outcomes.
• More articles on the topics of religion and
  faith are appearing in leading medical journals.

(CSAT, 2001)
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Religion, Spirituality, and Substance Abuse
Research Sources

• Koenig et. al. Handbook of Religion and
  Health, 2001.
• Hernandez-Alarcon. Spirituality, Faith-Based
  Community Programs Implications for Substance
  Abuse Prevention. A report for the Division of
  State and Community Systems Development CSAP
  2001.
• So Help me God Substance Abuse, Religion and
  Spirituality. The National Center on Addiction
  and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia
  University, A CASA White Paper, 2001.

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Religion, Spirituality, and Substance Abuse
Research Sources (contd)

• Religion Effects on Health Outcomes A
  Literature Review. Prepared for CSATs Faith
  and Community Partner Initiative. 2001 by
  Logicon/ROW Services.
• A Congregational Team Approach to Substance
  Abuse Prevention. A report by CSAPs Central
  CAPT, Faith Partners and The Johnson Institute,
  2003.

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Substance Abuse Problems Among People of Faith

• Found among leadership and laity
• Regardless of faith, tradition, or denomination
• Cuts across racial, cultural, geographical,
  gender, social and economic backgrounds

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N 4510CSAPs CCAPT, (2003)
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N 4510CSAPs CCAPT, (2003)
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N 4510CSAPs CCAPT, (2003)
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Clergy Substance Abuse An Important Problem

• 94 of clergy surveyed consider substance abuse
  to be an important issue they face.
• 38 find alcohol abuse involved in half or more
  of the family problems they confront.

(CASA, 2001)
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Religion, Spirituality and Health

• In reviewing 1,200 studies in Handbook of
  Religion and Health (2001), Harold G. Koenig et
  al. Found positive correlations between religion
  and physical and mental health.
• Lower rates of cancer, disability, hypertension
  and other diseases
• Better response to illness and increased
  longevity
• Stronger coping and lower rates of depression.

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Religion, Spirituality and Health (contd)

• Linda Barnes of the Boston Medical Center found
  that spirituality and religion can contribute to
  preventative health (2000).
• Better adolescent decision-making and well being,
  reduced rates of violence, and fewer high health
  risk and problem behaviors.
• Low religiosity related to higher rates of
  smoking, drinking, drug use, and adolescent
  pregnancy.

(Hernandez-Alarcon, 2001)
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Religion, Spirituality, and Substance Abuse

• Spirituality included in theoretical constructs
  and research as a protective factor and an
  external asset (Hawkins et al. 1992, Benson
  1998).
• Low religious involvement related to increased
  alcohol and drug abuse, becoming a lifetime
  smoker.
• Faith-based organizations promote healthy
  lifestyles, provide alternative activities for
  youth, deter family violence and build a strong
  sense of community.

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Negative Association Between Religion and
Substance Abuse

• Attendance at worship services
• Importance of religion
• Parents religiousness
• Participate in church-based youth programs
• Frequency of prayer or scripture reading
• Belief in life after death

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Religion Spirituality As a Protective Factor
for Youth

• Reduces the likelihood of choosing friends who
  use substances
• Instills moral values
• Increases coping skills
• Reduces the likelihood of turning to alcohol or
  other drugs during stress
• Provides an identifiable social support network
  and sense of community
• Provides organized social activities

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Albert Einstein

• Science without religion is lame, religion
  without science is blind.

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Faith-Based vs. Science-Based

• Faith-Based describes programs sponsored by
  churches, synagogues, mosques, temples, and other
  communities.
• Science-Based refers to prevention programs
  developed with sound theoretical foundations and
  empirical evidence.
• If a Faith-Based organization selects a
  Science-Based program, the result is that the
  program is both.

(Bailey, 2001)
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Faith-Based vs. Science-Based (contd)

• Too often clergy and physicians, religion and
  science, are ships passing in the night. When we
  separate the worlds of medicine and spirituality,
  we deny a host of individuals help that may aid
  their recovery and ease their pain. This is
  especially true with respect to substance abuse
  and addiction.

(CASA, 2001)
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Involvement of faith organizations in substance
abuse prevention is important because

• Faith groups exist in nearly every community
  throughout the country.
• Between 88-95 of American men and women over
  age 18 believe in God or a universal spirit and
  between 88-92 with some form of religion.
• Faith groups touch people of all ages, economic
  levels, and ethnicities, and mobilize them.
• Religion Spirituality are key protective
  factors in the prevention and treatment of
  substance abuse and in maintaining recovery.

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Involvement of faith organizations in substance
abuse prevention is important because (contd)

• Clergy and laity recognize substance abuse as an
  important issue among family members in their
  congregation.
• Their presence lends credibility.
• They provide a sense of community and
  responsibility.
• Provides opportunities to work with families who
  might otherwise not be involved in prevention.
• There is support from congregational members.

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Disconnect Between Preaching and the Problem

• Only 37 of clergy say they preach a sermon on
  the subject more than once a year
• 18 say they preach such a sermon annually
• 22 never preach a sermon on the topic

(CASA, 2001)
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Role of the Faith Community

• Prevention
• Recovery Support

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Prevention Goals

• Provide information to members
• Teach members to identify and counteract social
  influences that encourage alcohol, tobacco, and
  other drug use
• Provide alcohol, tobacco, and drug-free
  activities for youth
• Teach social skills to resist pressures to use
  ATOD

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Goals (contd)

• Establish guidelines for appropriate behavior for
  members
• Establish and maintain community-based prevention
  efforts
• Support adoption and implementation of community
  policies to restrict advertising and reduce
  alcohol access to alcohol and tobacco by youth

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Recovery/Support Goals

• Communicate hope and help
• Identify members in need of assistance
• Respond or intervene
• Match member needs to appropriate congregated or
  community resource
• Provide support

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Barriers to Involvement of The Faith Community

• Wet/Dry controversy
• Medical Treatment Model
• Lack of clergy training

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Barriers (contd)

• Denial or reluctance
• Competing demands
• Stigma
• Ambiguity
• Lack of awareness of problem
• Lack of awareness of what to do

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• Congregational Team Ministry Approach to
  Substance Abuse A Model

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What is Substance Abuse Ministry?

• Team of Trained Lay People
• Members with Special Expertise
• Work Closely with Clergy
• Provide Education and Prevention

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What is Substance Abuse Ministry? (contd)

• Utilize Community Resources
• Provide Referral Assistance
• Provide Recovery Support
• Accountable for Ministry

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How Does This Ministry Help the Congregation?

• Equips youth and adults with skills
• Combines research-based prevention with faith
• Offers hope and referral assistance
• Reduces stigma and shame
• Helps members address alcohol and drugs

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What is Necessary to Start a Ministry?

• Key Lay Person (leader, facilitator)
• Clergy Support
• Material
• Tools
• Technical Assistance

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VIDEO

• PEOPLE OF FAITH, PARTNERS IN PREVENTION

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Finding the Key Person

• Leader, Facilitator
• Vision and energy
• Mature
• Effective skills
• Relates well to clergy

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Role of Clergy

• Leader of congregation
• Teacher, Preacher
• Counselor
• Bless Team
• Support
• Encourage
• Connect to structure

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Developing a Congregational Team Substance Abuse
Ministry

• Step 1 Introductory Training
• Step 2 Exploratory Meeting
• Step 3 Congregational Survey
• Step 4 Congregational Inventory
• Step 5 Congregational Team Training
• Step 6 Initiate Team Ministry
• Step 7 Ongoing Training, Community
  Involvement, etc.

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Important Steps

• Exploratory meeting
• Congregational survey
• Congregational inventory
• Connect to community resources

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Getting Started

• Team meets regularly
• Learns to work as a team
• Early success
• Communicates with clergy

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Important Considerations

• Include both recovering and non-recovering team
  members
• Integrate ministry into life of congregation
• Sensitive to culture, faith tradition
• Develops a plan of action for accountability

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First Year

• Recovery Service
• Youth Education
• Parent/Adult Education

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TRISH MERRILL, RN FAITH PARTNERS 2525 Wallingwood
Drive, Building 8, 804 Austin, Texas
78746 Phone [phone] Toll free
888-451-9527 E-mail faithpartners_at_faithpartnersce
ntral.org ROGER SVENDSEN CSAPs CENTRAL
CAPT 2720 Highway 10 NE Mounds View, MN
55112 Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
Toll Free 800-782-1878 E-mail
rsvendsen_at_miph.org
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MODULE 8Part 2

• A School Approach to Assisting Students
• Student Services/Assistance Approach to Student
  Tobacco Use

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Why focus on tobacco use within a Student
Services/Assistance Program

• Current efforts to respond to youth tobacco use
  tend to focus on the violation of policy as
  primarily a discipline problem and not a health
  issue.
• Tobacco use is related to other student problems
  and may be an early indicator of other health,
  behavioral or academic problems.

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Student Services/Assistance Approach to Student
Tobacco Use

• Goal
• To integrate the early identification and
  response to student tobacco use into the schools
  comprehensive student services/assistance program.

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Discussion

• A Comprehensive Response to Youth Tobacco Use

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Student Services/Assistance Program for Response
Process Objectives

• Identify students in need of assistance
• Intervene in a positive way to assist student.
• Pre-assess student needs and match with
  appropriate school or community resource.
• Support student throughout the process.

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Student Services/ Assistance Program for Response
Flow Chart
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School Policy Readiness

• Frame the issue of student tobacco use as
  primarily a health issue.
• Integrate student tobacco use violation into
  existing student services/assistance procedures.
• Establish consequences for tobacco that can be
  applied uniformly to any student.

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School Policy Readiness (contd)

• Conduct in-school screening for tobacco use for
  all students referred to student
  services/assistance staff or teams.
• Provide training for all school staff on their
  role in responding to student tobacco use.
• Provide training for all student
  services/assistance staff on their role in
  conducting in-school screening for tobacco use.

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School Staff Readiness Responsibilities of All
School Staff

• Observe and identify
• Document
• Share concern
• Refer
• Support

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Behavior of concern

• Any specific, observable behavior that causes you
  to be concerned.

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VIDEO

• WHAT TO SAY, A LESSON

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All School Staff Share Concern

• Step one I care
• Step two I see
• Step three I feel
• Step four LISTEN
• Step five I want
• Step six I will

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Responsibilities of All Student
Services/Assistance or Pre-Assessment Staff

• Screen all students referred to student
  services/assistance for tobacco use.
• Assess students referred for a tobacco-use
  violation.
• Develop an internal referral process.

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Responsibilities of All Student Services/
Assistance or Pre-Assessment Staff (contd)

• Communicate with other staff, students, parents
  and primary caregivers when appropriate.
• Provide after care support.
• Develop an appropriate referral form.
• Develop a working list of resources for tobacco
  education and/or cessation.

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Student Services/ Assistance Staff Asking About
Tobacco Use

• FIVE As
• Ask - every student, every visit
• Advise - all tobacco users to quit
• Assess - willingness to quit
• Assist - student in quitting
• Arrange - follow-up and after care

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Questions and Discussion