All Done with Mirrors: Smart Substrates for 3D Views

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All Done with Mirrors Smart Substrates for 3D
Views
Dr. J. Alexander Liddle Dr. Matthew McMahon, Dr.
Andrew Berglund, Dr. Peter Carmichael, Dr. Jabez
McClelland
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Benefits/Advantages

• Microfabricated substrates can be combined with
  most other optical microscopy techniques
• Simple
• Easy to make
• Add lots of information
• Function Resolve ambiguity
• Same positions when viewed from above, but
  different heights
• Application Put cell inside sample well
• Rapid screening of cell height
• Modest-resolution, high-throughput 3D information

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What Motivated the Research?
Cui, Björk, Liddle, Sönnichsen, Boussert
Alivisatos Nano Lett. 2004, 1093
Solution-Based Nanoparticle Assembly
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3D Imaging in Optical Microscope

• Goal Monitor/Measure Dynamics by Seeing in 3D
• Track assembling particles in as close to
  real-time as possible
• The smaller they are, the faster they move
• How?

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2D Track from 2D Images

• 2D tracks easily constructed from 2D video
• Special software needed to get accurate particle
  positions
• Some codes available free

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The ideal would be
Oh wellhmmm.
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Orthogonal Tracking Microscopy
Reduce the problem of tracking in 3Dto the
problem of tracking in 2D twice
MICROFABRICATED SAMPLE CHAMBER WITH INTEGRATED
REFLECTIVE OPTICS


Si


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Software Enhances Technology
Easy
Difficult

• New algorithms developed that are fast and can
  handle complicated shapes

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Demonstration

• All-silicon substrate
• Squares defined by photolithography
• Anisotropic etch of Si by KOH 54.7 sidewalls
• Pyramidal indentations

Movie 190 nm fluorescent polystyrene sphere in
water
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Future Development

• Hardware
• Integrate more complex optical elements
• Better mirrors (i.e. gold)
• Filters
• Polarizers
• Diffractive elements
• Software
• Explore asymmetry
• Asymmetric objects rotational motion
• Asymmetric radiation patterns

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Summary

• Microfabricated substrates can be combined with
  most other optical microscopy techniques
• Resolve ambiguity
• Same positions when viewed from above but
  different heights
• Put cell inside sample well
• Rapid screening of cell height
• Modest-resolution, high-throughput 3D information
• A patent application covering the concept of
  using microfabricated optics to permit imaging in
  3D is pending.