Carbon Neutral Airports The first Step

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Carbon Neutral AirportsThe first Step

• Dave Covell
• Principal, Carbon and Energy Management Group
• ENVIRON UK

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Overview

• Introduction
• So, whats the issue?
• Emissions boundaries calculations
• Where can we make changes?
• What are others doing?

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Introduction

• ENVIRON is a global environmental and human
  health consultancy
• Employee-owned partnership, founded 1982
• 65 offices / 1,200 staff worldwide
• Carbon and Energy Management Team offers services
  in Europe, Americas and Asia
• Been working with UK Airports on energy issues
  since 1994

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Some of our Aviation Industry Clients
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So, whats the issue?

• Carbon emissions from fuel and energy use both
  direct (e.g. gas, oils) and indirect (grid
  electricity)
• Increasing operating costs
• Environmental impacts
• Negative publicity
• Emissions may be
• Under direct control of the Airport
• Under the sphere of influence of the Airport
  (i.e. use by tenants, suppliers, contractors)
• Outside of control or influence (i.e. passengers)

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Where do emissions arise?
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Where do the emissions arise?

• Buildings
• Owned buildings admin, training, technical
• Leased buildings on airport and elsewhere
• Aircraft
• On the ground taxiing, APU use
• In the air
• Ground Transport
• Airside and landside service vehicles tugs,
  baggage, bussing, etc
• Business-use vehicles, i.e. deliveries,
  contractors, etc
• Staff (all airport workers) travel to work
• Passenger surface access

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Approximate Emissions Split
Aircraft in the air dependent on type of flight
and destination, but typically 5 to 10 times more
than Airport-related emissions (emissions divided
by two to account for origin/destination airport
share)
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What are the emissions boundaries?

• Buildings
• All on-airport buildings?
• Only those directly supplied energy by the
  airport operator?
• Only airport related facilities?
• Any off airport facilities owned by airport
  operator?
• Aircraft
• On the ground and/or in the air?
• Transport
• Only airport operators vehicles?
• Third party vehicles?
• Supply chain?

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Airport Carbon Footprint Comparison
Four airports with similar boundary conditions
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Aircraft on the Ground
aircraft taxi from stand
aircraft taxi to stand
aircraft on stand
APU
GPU
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Calculating emissions from aircraft on the ground

• Taxi to and from stand
• Airports aircraft movement database provides
  specific information for each aircraft movement
• aircraft registration
• time on stand
• Industry databases provide information on
  specific fuel flow for each aircraft
• On stand
• Airports aircraft movement database provides
  time on stand
• APU average fuel flow
• GPU handling agents provide aircraft
  registration volume of fuel consumed

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Emissions growth

• For airports, emissions are directly related to
  passenger numbers
• Passenger related loads
• Air conditioning (plus weather-related)
• Domestic hot water
• Passenger sensitive equipment (travelators,
  escalators, baggage handling systems, etc)
• Catering
• Vehicle fuel use
• Fixed loads
• Lighting
• Space heating (although weather and passenger
  related)

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Airport emissions growth
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Whos doing what?

• Airport operators
• Majority of UK airports (95 of UK air passenger
  traffic) are members of Airport Carbon Management
  Group
• Most larger airports will have a policy and
  strategy
• Larger airports enrolled in Carbon Management
  programmes
• Focus is on energy use in terminal and airfield
  areas but extending to ground transport and
  aircraft issues
• Some limited use of renewable energy technologies
• Airlines
• Sustainable Aviation (AOA, funded by DfT)
• Some are engaging in Carbon Management programmes

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Approaches to reducing energy costs and carbon
emissions - Buildings

• Energy efficiency measures
• 10 to 30 is realistic and achievable in many
  cases
• Technical measures new plant and equipment,
  enhanced controls, better lighting, etc
• Improved monitoring, control behavioural change
• Renewable energy technologies
• Make good publicity
• Investment costs may be high
• Practical difficulties in certain cases
• Purchasing green electricity but may be
  contentious

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Approaches to reducing energy costs and carbon
emissions Ground Transport

• Vehicle efficiency improvements fleet
  replacement
• Fuel switching fleet replacement (electric,
  hybrid, CNG, bio-fuels)
• Vehicle fuel mileage monitoring
• Servicing regimes
• Driver training
• Passenger modal shift

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Approaches to reducing energy costs and carbon
emissions Aircraft

• Aircraft in the air
• Efficiency gains through fleet replacement
• Improved operations see Sustainable Aviation
• Aircraft on the ground
• Reduced Taxi times
• APU vs GPU or FEGP
• Long distance tugs
• Single-engine taxiing

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Aviation Industry Next Steps

• Standard approach to airport carbon footprints
• Development of best practice in footprint
  reduction
• Platform for sharing footprinting knowledge
• Dissemination of footprinting information to a
  wider audience?

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Thank you!

• Dave Covell
• dcovell_at_uk.environcorp.com
• 07798 530450
• www.environcorp.com