Imre Dool college lecturer Department of EconomyAnalysis Methodology

1
Introduction

• Imre Dool college lecturerDepartment of
  Economy-Analysis Methodology
• Personal and professional background
• Contact dulimi_at_szolf.hu
• About the subject, requirements, grading

2
Hardware and Software in theEnterprise
3
Source
Essentials of Management Information Systems,
6/e By Laudon Laudon
http//www.prenhall.com Companion website Chapter
6
Additional materials on the Internet! Search for
them!
4
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Hardware components of a computer system
Figure 6-1
5
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
6
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
The Computer System

• Bit
• Binary digit
• Represents 0 or 1
• Byte
• String of eight bits
• Stores one number, symbol, character, part of
  picture

7
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Bits and bytes
Figure 6-2
Task how many characters can be represented in
one single byte? Is it enough? What could be the
logic of the representation?
8
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Numbers

• Computers electric circuits
• An electric circuit can only be on or off two
  states
• Binary system 1 or 0
• Binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal systems
• Integers

Figure 6-2
9
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Numbers

• Task perform the conversions!
• 187D ? H ? B
• 11001011B ? H ? D
• 8CH ? D ? B
• Floating point numbers
• Arithmetic operations addition, substraction,
  multiplication, division
• Representing other types of data

10
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
The Computer System

• The Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Controls other parts of computer
• Arithmetic-logic unit performs principle
  logical/mathematical operations
• Control unit coordinates other parts,
• such as reading a stored program

11
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
The Computer System

• Primary Storage
• Located near CPU
• Stores all or part of active software program
• Stores operating system software
• Stores data the program is using
• Task the capacity of storages,history of PCs

12
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
The Computer System

• Primary Storage
• Composed of semi-conductors
• RAM (random access memory) Used for short-term,
  temporary storage
• ROM (read-only memory) Semiconductor memory
  chips with program instructions

13
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
The CPU and primary storage
Figure 6-3
14
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Computer Processing

• Parallel processing
• Multiple CPUs work simultaneously on same problem
• More than one instruction processed at a time
• Massively parallel computers use hundreds,
  thousands of processing chips

15
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Sequential and parallel processing
Figure 6-4
16
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure

• Secondary Storage Technology
• Used for relatively long-term storage of data
  outside CPU
• Magnetic disk floppies, hard disks, RAID
• Optical disk CD-ROM, CD-RW, DVD
• Magnetic tape
• Storage networking direct-attached
  storagenetwork-attached storagestorage area
  networks
• Task how can be found data on a CD?

17
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Storage, Input, and Output Technology

• Input Devices
• Keyboard and mouse
• Touch screen
• Optical character recognition
• Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)
• Pen-based input
• Digital scanner
• Audio input
• Sensors

18
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Storage, Input, and Output Technology

• Output Devices
• Cathode-ray tube (CRT)
• Printers
• Audio output

19
Computer Hardware and Information Technology
Infrastructure
Storage, Input, and Output Technology

• Interactive Multimedia
• Integrates sound, video or animation, graphics,
  text into computer-based application
• Streaming technology
• New compression standards MP3 (MPEG3)

20
Types of Software

• Software program A series of statements or
  instructions to the computer
• Two major types of software System software and
  application software
• System software Generalized programs that manage
  the computers resources
• Application software Programs written for or by
  users to perform a specific task

21
Types of Software
The major types of software
Figure 6-8
22
Types of Software
System Software and PC Operating Systems

• Operating system software Manages the computer
  system, resources controls memory, input,
  output, and task scheduling
• Computer language translation programs Compiles
  source code of high-level language programs (C,
  FORTRAN) into object code - machine language the
  computer can execute
• Utility programs Perform routine, repetitive
  tasks such as copying, clearing primary storage

23
Types of Software
System Software and PC Operating Systems

• Operating System Capabilities
• Multiprogramming Concurrent use of CPU by
  multiple programs
• Virtual storage Breaks programs into smaller
  portions to read as needed
• Time-sharing Allows many users to share CPU time
• Multi-processing Links two or more CPUs to work
  in parallel in single computer system

24
Types of Software
System Software and PC Operating Systems

• PC Operating Systems
• Software written for one OS generally cannot run
  on another
• Graphical User Interface (GUI) Dominant model
  for user interface for operating systems and
  applications

25
Types of Software
System Software and PC Operating Systems

• Leading PC Operating Systems
• Windows XP
• Windows 2000
• Windows Server 2003
• Windows 98/ME
• Windows CE
• Unix
• Linux
• Mac OS
• DOS

26
Types of Software
Window on Management

• The Case for Linux
• Should a company select Linux as an operating
  system for its major business applications?
• What are the management benefits Linux provides?
• What are the business as well as the technology
  issues that should be addressed when making that
  decision?

27
Types of Software
Application Programming Languages
28
Types of Software
Application Programming Languages
29
Types of Software
Categories of Fourth-Generation Languages
30
Types of Software
Programming Languages and Contemporary Software
Tools

• Object-Oriented Programming
• Combine data and methods (procedures) into one
  object
• Objects are independent, reusable building blocks
• Based on concepts of class and inheritance

31
Types of Software
Programming Languages and Contemporary Software
Tools

• Java
• Object-oriented
• Platform-independent
• Robust handles data, graphics, video, sound
• Can create applets often used on Web
• Java applications tend to run slower than
  native programs

32
Types of Software
Programming Languages and Contemporary Software
Tools

• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Page
  description language creates Web pages and other
  hypermedia documents
• XML (eXtensible Markup Language) Describes the
  structure of a document provides standard format
  for data exchange
• XHTML Reformulates HTML with XML document-type
  definitions

33
Types of Software
Application Software Packages and Productivity
Software

• Word processing software Create, format, print
  documents
• Desktop publishing software Produce
  professional-quality documents with greater
  formatting, design capabilities
• Spreadsheets Display data in grid for
  recalculating numerical data
• Data management software Store, manipulate data
  in lists and databases

34
Types of Software
Text and the spell-checking option in Microsoft
Word
Figure 6-10
35
Types of Software
Spreadsheet software
Figure 6-11
36
Types of Software
Data management software
Figure 6-12
37
Types of Software
Application Software Packages and Productivity
Software

• Presentation graphics Create professional-quality
  graphics and multimedia presentations
• Integrated Software Packages and Suites Combine
  two or more applications easy data transfer
• E-mail software Computer exchange of messages
• Web browsers Access and display Web, Internet
  resources
• Groupware Support activities of workgroups

38
Types of Software
Software for Enterprise Integration and E-Business

• Enterprise software Integrates multiple business
  processes
• Legacy system System in place for long time
• Middleware Software that connects two disparate
  systems
• Enterprise application integration (EAI)
  software Middleware to create hub connecting
  applications and application clusters

39
Types of Software
Enterprise application integration (EAI) software
versus traditional integration
Figure 6-13
40
Types of Software
Software for Enterprise Integration and E-Business

• Web services Universal standards using Internet
  technology for exchanging data between systems
• Web server Manages requests for Web pages on
  computer where they are stored
• Application server Middleware software handling
  application operations between user and back-end
  business systems

41
Types of Software
A multitiered architecture for e-commerce and
e-business
Figure 6-14
42
Types of Software
Model of an Application Service Provider (ASP)
Figure 6-15
43
Chapter 6 Sudy Guide

• Task Study Guide http//wps.prenhall.com/bp_laudo
  n_essmis_6/0,9311,1422876-,00.html
• HomeworkApplication Software ExercieInternet
  Connections