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Wind Power

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Water Pumping Livestock Watering. Wind electricity batteries DC pump $1000 ... 3500 GSHP and $1000 solar water, windows (etc...) Renewables Funding Nova Scotia ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Wind Power


1
Wind Power
  • Julie Bailey, PEng MSc
  • Farm Energy Specialist, NSDA
  • November 18, 2008

2
  • lt 5
  • of NS farmers use
  • Renewable Energy

3
Wind
Electrical or Mechanical Energy
4
Turbine Components
From RetScreen
  • Components
  • Rotor
  • Gearbox
  • Generator
  • Tower
  • Foundation
  • Controls
  • Types
  • Horizontal axis
  • Most common
  • Vertical axis
  • Less common

5
Vertical Axis
6
Pond Aeration
  • Wind ? air compressor
  • 650-1000
  • Bubbler to prevent freezing
  • NS Farm Investment Fund (FIF) funding

7
Water Pumping Livestock Watering
  • Wind ? electricity ? batteries ? DC pump
  • 1000
  • Wind ? mechanical ? pump ? reservoir
  • air driven pump (650-800)
  • piston pump (500 )
  • 400-600 ft max lift
  • Turbine over well
  • 4 days of storage
  • NS FIF funding
  • Irrigation

http//www.agf.gov.bc.ca/resmgmt/publist/500series
/590305-1.pdf
8
Electricity
  • On-grid (net meter or RFP) or off-grid

9
Net Meter Policies
  • NS, NB and PEI
  • 100kw limit
  • 12 month
  • You do not get paid for generating more than you
    use in a year!

10
Selling Power
  • RTP/Imbedded Generation
  • Application process
  • 6c/kwh
  • plus 1c/kwh Federal Incentive for gt1 MW

11
Off Grid
  • Batteries
  • Hybrid
  • Remote
  • Offset cost of running power lines
  • 10,000/km

12
Location, Location, Location
From RetScreen
  • High average wind speeds are essential
  • Power and wind speed3
  • 4 m/s (14km/h) annual average is minimum
  • Overestimate
  • anemometer
  • Wind speed tends to increase with height
  • Good resources coastal areas, crests of long
    slopes, passes, open terrain, valleys that
    channel winds
  • Usually windier during the day and in the winter

13
Power Equation
? air density A wind swept area Wind
velocity
14
Power and wind speed3
15
Tower Height
  • Rule of thumb
  • 10 m higher than anything within 100 m
  • Wind speed increases with height and less
    turbulence
  • 10kw turbine
  • 18m (60ft) vs (30m) 100ft
  • ? cost by 10 and ? power output by 30

http//www.smallwindenergy.ca/en/FAQ.html
16
Costs
  • 1kW 10,000 (payback may be 10y-30y)
  • Skystream 3.7 (2kW) 23,000
  • Bergey 10kW 70,000
  • SSP 15/50 (50kW) 230,000
  • 1MW 1,500,000, payback can be lt5y
  • Cost per kW ? for larger systems
  • 10,000/kw for small vs 1000/kW for very large

17
Things to Consider
  • Maintenance
  • Annual OM (2 of turbine cost)
  • Some vendors claim 30 year maintenance free
  • Usually 5 year limited warranty
  • Project Life 20 years
  • Very reliable (95 )
  • when it is windy
  • Cost and payback
  • Environmental Concerns and Regulations
  • Bylaw Restrictions

18
Land Leasing Option
19
Wind Education
  • www.windpower.org
  • Crash Course in Wind Energy
  • http//www.windpower.org/en/kids/intro/index.htm
  • Guided tour
  • http//www.windpower.org/en/tour/

20
Wind Example
  • Glenn Jennings Bayview Poultry
  • Masstown, Nova Scotia
  • 12,000 layers
  • 6000 pullets
  • 6000/y in electricity

21
First Step - Energy Conservation
  • Lighting changes
  • 40 Watt incandescent to 8 Watt CFL
  • 16 reduction in total electric bills (950/y)
  • Realized savings
  • 600/y
  • Additional savings potential
  • 350/y
  • Payback 1.5 yr
  • 6.7 tonnes of CO2/y

22
Wind Turbines
  • 3 turbines
  • Skysteam 3.7
  • Southwest Windpower - Manufacturer
  • Second Source Power - Contractor
  • 1.9 kW rated capacity each
  • 2.6 kW peak each
  • 50 ft towers
  • 2 Net Meters

23
Video
24
Savings and Costs
  • To sept/08
  • 25 reduction in electricity from wind
  • 1500/y savings
  • Almost 14,000kwh/y
  • 10.5 tonnes of CO2/y
  • Cost 23K each
  • 70K project with 20K FIF funding 50K
  • Simple Payback 33 years

Savings may increase with 12 months of data
25
Other Benefits
  • Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance
  • Marketing
  • Environment

26
RetScreen Analysis
27
New RetScreen
28
Weather Data
  • Latitude and Longitude
  • http//gnss.nrcan.gc.ca/gnss-srt/searchName.jsp
  • NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data
    Set
  • http//eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/RETScreen/

29
Equipment Data
30
(No Transcript)
31
RetScreen Results
  • 3 turbines (6kw combined capacity)
  • 70,000 cost (50K after grant)
  • 13,000 kwh/y savings
  • 33 year simple payback
  • Including tax benefits and 5 annual increase in
    electrical rates
  • Positive cash flow at year 15
  • Did not include OM costs or loan interest

32
Larger Turbine
  • 10kW Bergey Excel
  • 70K cost for one
  • Same as 3 Skystreams
  • 100 ft tower
  • 21,000kwh/y savings (62 more)
  • 21.9 y simple payback with funding (-11.2y)
  • Positive cash flow in year 11
  • Still too small
  • To supply 100
  • 25kW-30kW

33
Location Change
  • Location Change
  • Masstown,NS 5 m/s avg 33.1 y y 15
  • Sydney, NS 5.6 m/s 25.7 y (-7.4) y 12
  • Summerside, PEI 5.9m/s 22.8 y (-10.3) y 11
  • Moncton , NB 4.9m/s 34.8 y (1.7) y 15

34
Tower Height
  • From 50ft and 33.1 y payback to
  • 60ft
  • Simple payback 2.3 y earlier
  • Positive cash flow 1 y earlier
  • 100 ft
  • Simple payback 7.6 y earlier
  • Positive cash flow 3 y earlier

35
Example Summary
  • Shop around
  • Consider one larger turbine on higher tower vs.
    many small turbines
  • Energy Conservation first

36
Questions
Julie Bailey, PEng(902) 843-3722j2bailey_at_nsac.ca
Seppo Leinonen
37
Renewables Funding Federal
  • ecoENERGY for Renewable Heat Program
  • Rebates for solar water and/or solar air panels
  • ecoenergyrhp_at_nrcan.gc.ca
  • ecoENERGY for Renewable Power
  • 1c/kwh for large scale energy generation
  • ecoENERGY Retrofit Incentive for Businesses
    Industry
  • up to 25 or 10/GJ
  • ecoAgriculture for BioFuels
  • Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance

38
Renewables Funding Federal (cont.)
  • ecoENERGY Retrofit Incentive for Homes
  • formerly EnerGuide
  • 3500 GSHP and 1000 solar water, windows (etc)

39
Renewables Funding Nova Scotia
  • Conserve NS
  • 15 funding for solar water and air
  • 1-800-670-4636
  • Farm Investment Fund
  • 30-75 for renewables
  • max 20K
  • for registered farms
  • 50 for renewables
  • gt 50 for power supply (wind or solar) for remote
    systems (i.e. livestock watering systems, pond
    aeration, wells)
  • EcoNova Scotia
  • Underutilized technologies that reduce air
    emissions
  • http//www.gov.ns.ca/ecoNovaScotia/

40
Renewables Funding PEI
  • Dept of Environment, Energy and Forestry
  • PST Exemption
  • Wind, solar, gshp, biogas, drain water
  • lt100kw or 340,000Btus
  • 1(902)569-7542
  • Office of Energy Efficiency
  • EcoEnergy Retrofit for Homes
  • Up to 10,000 loan (6 interest)
  • OR a 1500 grant
  • 1(877)734-6336

41
Renewables Funding Nfld
  • Nfld Department of Environment and Conservation
  • Green Fund
  • Grants for energy conservation projects that
    reduce CO2
  • Robert Sexton 1(709)729-0076

42
Renewables Funding NB
  • Efficiency NB
  • Start Smart Energy Smart Programs
  • New Commercial Buildings
  • 2x annual energy savings
  • Max 60,000
  • Existing Buildings
  • 1,000-3,000 audit funding (50)
  • 10-15/GJ saved ( 30-50K max)
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