Frank Casey

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Fate and Transport of Hormones in Soil
Title

• Frank Casey
• North Dakota State University

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Structure of your talk

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Goals and Objectives
• 3. Materials and Methods
• 4. Results and Discussion
• 5. Conclusion

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Potency
Threshold concentration
Panter et al. (EST 2002) intermittent exposure
(alternate days, 1 day in 4, or 3 days in 6) to
0.120 ?g L-1 E2 significant vitellogenin
induction in fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas).
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2. Field and Laboratory Studies on the Fate and
Transport of Manure-Borne Hormones

• Sorption
• Reversible/Irreversible (extractable/nonextractabl
  e)
• Degradation/Transformation
• Biotic/abiotic (trapping 14CO2, aqueous
  degradation)
• Mobility
• Physical equilibrium/nonequilibrium

• Difficulties
• Discerning processes
• Quantifying process rates

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Batch Experiments

• Natural soil - amber vials
• Natural soil - clear vials
• Sterile soil - amber vials
• Sterile soil - clear vials

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17ß-Estradiol Batch Results
Global optimization Stochastic Ranking
Evolutionary Strategy
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(No Transcript)
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• Kolpin et al. (EST, 2002)
• U.S.G.S. detected hormones in 40 of 139 streams
  sampled across 30 states
• Herman and Mills (Geobiol., 2003)
• Central Virginia E2 levels in streams (10120
  ng L1) and lysimeter (23160 ng L1).
• The highest concentrations observed early in the
  growing season shortly after manure application
• Levels decreased with distance from the field and
  through time.

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• Degradation is facilitated by microbes
• To what degree such as bioavailability,
  nutrients, temperature, etc. control the rate of
  degradation?
• How do you relate microbial activity, soil
  organic content, etc. to the field and other
  sites and soils?
• What are background levels?
• Is there a natural steady-state concentration in
  the environment?