Spatiotemporal analysis of an Electrophysiological wave phenomenon

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Spatio-temporal analysis of an Electrophysiologica
l wave phenomenon

• Application to rehabilitation medicine

E. Jonckheere and P. Lohsoonthorn Department of
Electrical Engineering University of Southern
California Los Angeles, CA 90089
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Can regeneration occur in the Central Nervous
System (CNS)?

• Ever since Golgi, it was thought that
  regeneration does not occur in the CNS. (Scar
  tissue, cyst after injury, Myelin sheath, cited
  as causes.)
• Recently, pharmacology has succeeded in
  preventing posttraumatic damage
  (Methylpredmisolone) and molecular biology has
  succeeded in stimulating the re-growth of nervous
  fibers (Brain Deprived Neurotropic Factor).
• Repetitive motion such as the one provided by the
  Functional Electric Stimulation (FES) bicycle has
  provided late recovery from the spinal cord
  injury sustained by Christopher Reeve.

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Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) as an alternative
to Functional Electric Stimulation

• The spinal dura is mechanically attached to the
  C3-C5 vertebra (Alf Briegs theory of Adverse
  Mechanical Tensions in the CNS.)
• The spine end distally in the filum terminale
  itself attached to the coccyx.
• The cervical and sacral areas can be
  sensitized, to the point of eliciting
  oscillations, first localized in the cervical and
  sacral areas and then propagating along the whole
  spine

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Spinal Cord and Nearby Bony Structures
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Complicated dural-vertebral attachment (Alf
Briegs book, Gray anatomy)
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What causes the neck oscillation?A sensory-motor
loop?
TG

• The dural mechanoreceptors afferent fibers ascend
  to the Trigeminal Ganglion (TG).
• It is known that the TG innervates the cranial
  dura (migraine, subarachnoid hemorrhage).
• The accessory nerve innervates the
  sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius.

Cranial dura
Spinal dura
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Spinal-trigeminal ascending track
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The wave phenomenon is positively established
from surface Electromyographic (sEMG) recordings
at the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral
levels
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Plan of action

• Canonical correlation among C, T, L, S sEMG
  signals.
• Traveling wave
• Correlation among C, T, L, S sEMG signals
• Complete signal
• D8 subband of DB3 wavelet decomposition
• Stationary wave

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Canonical correlation among signals at various
points
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Information theoretic aspects
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Correlation analysis between sEMG signals X,Y at
two points
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Confidence analysis
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Daubechies DB3 decomposition
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Why the Daubechies DB3 wavelet?

• Because it mimics the Single Motor Unit Action
  Potential

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Real signal
Test signal
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Clearly, the D8 subband is the most interesting
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Correlation on the D8 subband signal
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Baseline subject
Quadriplegic subject
Regeneration through the peripheral nervous
system?
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Conclusions

• Network Spinal Analysis (NSA) appears to provide
  the kind of activity based therapy able to
  produce some partial regeneration in the Central
  nervous System (CNS) of spinal cord injury
  patients.
• This activity is the NSA wave along the spine.
• Existence of the wave, and regeneration, are
  established statistically by correlation analysis
• Further analysis of the wave could shed light on
  the very sensory-motor loop that elicit the
  oscillations.