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Applications of Vacuum Technology in the NIF Laser System

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Title: Applications of Vacuum Technology in the NIF Laser System


1
Applications of Vacuum Technology in the NIF
Laser System
John Hitchcock Pete Biltoft LLNL
UCRL-PRES-219314
2
Agenda
  • National Ignition Facility (NIF) missions
  • Overview of the NIF
  • Movies
  • Description of N Vacuum Systems
  • Target Chamber
  • Spatial Filters
  • Plasma Electrode Pockels Cell
  • Diagnostic Vacuum Systems
  • Summary

3
Missions The NIF laser system is being built to
support important national security and research
activities
  • Stockpile stewardship
  • Development of laser fusion as an energy source
  • Astrophysics

Use any search engine search for NIF.
4
The NIF laser would not be possible without the
ready availability of stock and custom vacuum
hardware
  • Vacuum pumps
  • Roughing high vacuum (turbos, cryos)
  • Vacuum gauges
  • Hot and cold cathode ion gauges, rough vacuum
    gauges, capacitance manometers
  • Valves
  • Large 36 electro pneumatic gate valves to KF-25
    manual valves
  • Feedthroughs
  • Electrical, mechanical and fluid

5
NIF Vacuum Volumes
6
The NIF target chamber routinely achieves a
pressure of lt 5 x 10-6 Torr using a combination
of roughing pumps, turbo pumps and cryo pumps
7
The NIF target chamber contains ports for
beamlines, laser diagnostics, vacuum pumps and
gauges
8
Alignment of the target is accomplished with a
precision system called TASPOS
9
View inside NIF target chamber showing target
positioner and workers on manlift inside the
vessel
10
One quad of optics in the final optics assembly
as seen from inside the target chamber. Stainless
steel first wall panels surround the optics
11
Installation of the final optics assemblies onto
the NIF target chamber required skilled workers
following stringent cleanliness protocols
12
The target positioning system (TASPOS) includes a
vacuum vessel with flexible track inside.
13
Target positioning sensor during initial
installation
14
Target positioner inside TARPOS vacuum vessel
15
Lower hemisphere of NIF target chamber showing
final optics assemblies installed
16
Target positioning system vacuum vessel during
installation onto the NIF target chamber
17
NIF spatial filters require one of the largest
clean-room rated vacuum systems in the world
  • 2300 tons of vessels
  • 105 torr vacuum
  • MIL STD 1246C level 100 A/10 cleanliness

CSF End Vessel (2x)
TSF End Vessel (2x)
23.5m
60 m
TSF Beam Tubes
CSF Center Vessel
TSF Center Vessel
18
Transport spatial filter vessels being installed.
These vessels are evacuated to a pressure of 5
x 10-5 Torr using turbo pumps
19
The transport spatial filter vessels occupy a
significant portion of each of the two laser bays
20
Upper hemisphere of NIF target chamber showing
beamlines and final optics assemblies
21
1 x 1 PEPC in lab
22
Beamlet PEPC
23
Prototype of the Plasma Electrode Pockels Cell
(PEPC) line replaceable unit (LRU) during testing
24
PEPC prototype during developmental testing
25
PEPC during mock assembly (note aluminum
surrogates for optics)
26
PEPC line replaceable unit on precision optical
alignment fixture
27
PEPC line replaceable unit on precision optical
alignment fixture
28
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29
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30
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31
Utilities including foreline vacuum pump line
supporting the Plasma electrode Pockels cell
enter the LRU from the interface flange
32
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33
PEPC vacuum system (gas cell removed)
34
Summary The NIF laser system would not be
possible without the technology and hardware
provided by vacuum equipment manufacturers
  • Some of the specific components of the NIF laser
    that rely on vacuum equipment include
  • Vacuum relay telescopes in the preamplifier
    modules
  • Spatial filters
  • Amplifier flashlamps
  • Plasma Electrode Pockels Cell
  • Final Optics Assembly
  • Target chamber and target diagnostics
  • Precision Diagnostic System

35
Back-up Slides
36
Implosions conducted on NIF will be compared with
computational models to optimize fusion
experiments
37
The first attempt at fusion will be made in 2010
using the indirect drive fusion process
38
All 192 beams of the NIF laser will be focused
onto a very small target
39
The target assembly for direct drive is held at
19 K /- a few mK using a two-stage GM
cryo-cooler similar to those developed for cryo
pumps
40
In 2012 the NIF laser will be reconfigured for
direct drive fusion
41
The NIF beamline contains several key elements
that rely upon creation of stable vacuum
environments
42
As a laser pulse moves through the NIF beamline
it passes through a variety of optics and
environments
43
The lasing media for the NIF main amplifiers is
neodymium-doped glass. Vacuum chucks are used to
lift and position these slabs into LRUs
44
Power lines that support operation of the main
amplifier flashlamps. Each of the 7000 flashlamp
tubes is 6 feet long and has an internal static
vacuum. Flashlamps are expected to last gt 20,000
shots.
45
View of amplifier slabs from within the NIF
beamline
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