Internet Technology and Applications : Recent Overview

1
Internet Technology and Applications Recent
Overview
Computer Industry Lab. Incheon Paik
2
Contents

• History of Internet Evolution
• Internet Contents, Information, and Security
• Web Technologies Applet, JSP, Servlet and their
  meaning
• Web Application Technologies RMI, CORBA, EJB (3
  Java Platforms)
• Application of XML Web Service, Electronic
  Business XML(ebXML)
• AI Technologies and Semantic Web

3
History of Internet

• Internet (Inter-Network)
• Large Scale Computer Network
• Network to connect the computers
• all of the world
• Figure
• Internet growth measured
• by the number of computers
• attached to the Internet

4
Evolution Process

• ARPANET
• ARPA and BBN ARPANET Project, IMP (1969)
• Settlement of TCP/IP
• Network Control Program(NCP) -gt TCP/IP
• Development of Unix to support TCP/IP at UCB
• Change into Internet
• ARPANET Divided into MILNET and ARPANET for
  Network Research(1983)
• NSFNET Backbone Network by NSF (1986)

5
Evolution Process

• Commercialization
• Merit(Michigan educational research information
  triad) managed NSFNET(1987).
• 1990 ANS(Advanced Network Service Inc.)
• 1991 CERFnet, PSInet, Alternet
• Start of Information Service
• 1993, Network Solutions (Internet Registration),
  ATT(FTP Site, Directory, Library Management),
  General Atomics (QA Management)
• Start of Web
• Hyper Text Memex (Vannevar Bush 1945), Xanadu
  (Ted Nelson, 1981)

6
Evolution Process

• World Wide Web
• Tim Berners Lee of CERN
• Proposed HyperText, Link, Index Search, Web
  Browser
• Mosaic, Navigator, Internet Explorer

7
Evolution Process in Internet Technology

• Static Web Page
• HTML Web Page
• Dynamic Web Page
• Interactive Web Page CGI
• DHTML
• Various Server Side Web Technology
• NSAPI, ASAPI
• JSP, ASP
• PHP, Servlet,Applet
• Web Application Server (CORBA, EJB, MTS)

8
Internet Technologies and Applications
Internet Technologies and Applications

• Web Contents
• Dynamic Homepage, XML, 3D Display
• Authoring Tool, VRML
• Internet Transmission Protocol, Servers, and
  Software Methodologies
• Applications E-Commerce
• E-Payment Technology
• Product Information Service Technology

9
Internet Technologies
Web Contents Technology

• Web Document HTML, DHTML, XML
• DHTML
• Document Object Model(DOM)
• Style Sheet
• Script Language
• XML(eXtended Markup Language)
• To Discribe the Various Data
• Database, CALS/EDI
• Control Display CSS,XSL
• Data Type Define (DTD)
• Name Space, XML Schema

10
Internet Technologies
Dynamic Page CGI,JSP,Servlet,ASP

• Common Gateway Interface(CGI) Excuted by
• Web Server, Short Point of Stateless
• Java Server Page(JSP) Server Side Execution
• by Server
• Servlet Server Side Program Using Java.
• Portability, Power, Effectiveness, Robustness
  
• Active Server Page(ASP) Use VB/Java Script,
• Executed on IIS of MS

11
Internet Technologies
3D Display Authoring, VRML

• 3D Shopping Mall
• Multi-Store Construction
• 3-D Retrieval Tool
• 3-D Object Creation , Authoring Tool
• Animation, VRML
• Product Display Using Virtual Reality
• Interactive Shopping Mall

12
Internet Technologies
Internet Server, Software Technology

• Communication Protocols for Internet
• Internet Server
• Software Methodology

13
Internet Technologies
Communication Technology for Internet

• Communication Technology
• ATM, ISDN, CATV, ADSL
• Communication Application Technology
• SMPT,MIME,S/MIME,POP,IMAP
• Computer Technology
• Cryptography Public Key, Secret Key
• Security SSL, PGP, PEM, S-HTTP,Firewall
• Middleware CORBA, ODBC, DCOM
• Browsing HTML, DHTML, XML, VRML

14
Internet Technologies
Internet Server

• Web Server
• Process the Web Document Apache, IIS
• Application Server
• Middle-Tier System S/W For Various Business
  Logic
• Manage Transaction, Load Balancing, Recovery,
• Security, Directory Service
• Functions
• Multi-Thread
• Thread Pooling
• CORBA, EJB Support
• Web Transaction

15
Internet Technologies
Software Technology Distributed Objects

• CORBA
• Suggested by Object Management Group(OMG)
• Object Request Broker (ORB)
• Integrate Heterogeneous Environment
• DCOM
• Distributed COM of MS

16
Internet Technologies
Software Technology Software Component

• VB, Delphi, JavaBeans
• Server Side Components EJB, MTS
• JavaBeans Java Component Development
  Environment
• EJB(Enterprise JavaBeans) Server Side
  Component
• Model Using Java Language

17
Internet Technologies
Software Technology EJB

• Java Components and Running Environment on
  Server
• Architecture
• EJB Server
• EJB Container
• Session Bean Stateful Session Bean, Stateless
  Session
• Bean
• Entity Bean Persistency, Bean-Managed Entity
  Bean,
• Container-Managed
  Entity Bean
• EJB Operation
• EJB Home
• EJB Object
• EJB Class

18
Internet Technologies
Electronic Payment Technologies

• Conventional Key, Public Key Cryptography
• DES, RSA, Elliptical Public-Key Cryptography
• Authorization Technology
• Authorization System Using PKI
• Payment Based on Credit Card
• SSL, SET
• Electronic Cash
• Mondex, Chip, Cyber Cash, E-Cash, Visa Cash

19
Internet Technologies
Product Information Service Technologies

• Infrastructure Database
• Oracle, Sybase, SQL Server, etc
• Product Catalog Directory Service
• Electronic Catalog(Single Server Model, Virtual
• Catalog Model, Mediator Model, Central
  Repository
• Model)
• Indexing Technology for Web Document
• Parsing and Extraction of Information in HTML,
• XML Document
• Product Search Agent
• Gathering Agent for Product Information

20
Internet Technologies
Agent Technology for Product Information

• Need Identification
• Personalized Advertising Agent, Reverse
  Advertising Agent
• Product Brokering Agent
• Personal Logic
• Firefly
• Tete-a-Tete
• Merchant Brokering Agent
• BargainFinder, Jango
• Negotiation Agent
• AuctionBot, Kasbah, Tete-a-Tete

21
Component Based Software Development
Software Component

• A set of Related Classes/Objects that provide a
  well-
• defined service.
• Addition to Objects
• Component Interface
• Blackbox Component
• Workflow
• Maintainability

22
Component Based Software Development

• A Definition
• A package of software that is independently
  developed,
• and that defines interfaces for services it
  provides and
• for services it requires.

Component
Contract
require interface
provide interface
23
Component Based Software Development

OOD CBD
24
Component Based Software Development
CBSD Methodology
25
Component Based Software Development
CBD Process
26
Component Based Software Development

• 1. High-level Requirements
• 2. Concept Model
• 3. Use Cases
• 4. Use Case Steps

Requirements
Project Tasks

• 5. Business Type Model
• 6. Transactions
• 7. Secondary Use Cases

Analysis

• 8. Interface Responsibility
• 9. Interface Dependancy
• 10. Component Architecture Design
• 11. Operation Interaction
• 12. Operation Definition

• Architecture

• 13. Interface Type Model
• 14. Pre Post Conditions
• 15. Refined Component Architecture

Specification
27
Component Based Software Development
Component Modeling Technique
28
Component Based Software Development
Application

• Example of Merchant Server Component

29
E-Commerce Components and Framework

• System Overview on Object Web

30
Web Service

• Three Main Parts
• Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
• Web Service Description Language (WSDL)
• Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
  (UDDI)

31
Web Service
Web Service Stack Diagram

• S

32
Web Service

• Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
• SOAP Message
• Envelope
• Header client authentication, transaction
  management
• Body include the information that a receiver
  should get finally
• Fault element

33
Web Service

• Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
• SOAP Message
• Envelope
• Header client authentication, transaction
  management
• Body include the information that a receiver
  should get finally
• Fault element
• SOAP Encoding
• How to processing data
• Encoding Style attribute
• SOAP Message Transport

34
Web Service

• Web Service Definition Language(WSDL)
• Specification of Web Service Function
• Document Structure

ltdefinitionsgt lttypesgt Complex types for
arguments and return types lt/typesgt
ltmessagegt Describe arguments and return
values lt/messagegt ltportTypegt
ltoperationgt Describe remote procedures
lt/operationgt lt/ portType gt ltbindinggt
Protocol used for invoking lt/bindinggt
ltservicegt ltportgt URL of Web
Service (endpoint) lt/portgt
lt/servicegt lt/definitionsgt
35
Web Service

• Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
  (UDDI)
• Create, Store, Search information
• UDDI Data Structure
• Information to White Page Company Name,
  Address, Tel. No., and Description
• Information to Yellow Page According to
  Industry Classification(NAICS), According to
  Products(UNSPEC), and Area
• Information to Green Page Technical information
  of company, ex) end point URL, URL of WSDL
  document

36
Web Service
UDDI Structure
Element Name Usage

Information Classification ltbusinessEntitygt
Company Name, Address
Correspond to White Page ltpublisherAssert
iongt Association among businessEntity
Correspond to White Page ltidentifierBaggt
Substitution ID for
businessEntity Correspond to
Yellow Page ltcategoryBaggt
Information for classification
Correspond to Yellow Page ltbusinessServicegt
Web Service name and description for
Correspond to Green Page
company ltbindingTemplategt
endpoint URL, tModel reference
Correspond to Green Page lttModelgt
URL of WSDL to define methods,
Correspond to Green Page
argument data types
for Web service
37
Web Service

• Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration
  (UDDI)
• Create, Store, Search information
• UDDI Data Structure
• Information to White Page Company Name,
  Address, Tel. No., and Description
• Information to Yellow Page According to
  Industry Classification(NAICS), According to
  Products(UNSPEC), and Area
• Information to Green Page Technical information
  of company, ex) end point URL, URL of WSDL
  document

38
Internet Applications
E-Commerce Framework

• XML and eCo Framework
• Based on XML Document
• CommerceNet eCo Framework
• To Give the Standard for Inter-Operable Internet
  
• E- Commerce Marketplace
• Based on XML Document
• Specifications Semantic SPEC., Transaction
• Framework SPEC.,Common S/W Framework SPEC

39
Internet Applications
E-Commerce Framework XML eCo
40
Internet Applications
E-Commerce Framework

• Candidate Technology to Include in eCo Framework
  
• Common Business Library(CBL) Describe the
  Complex
• E-Commerce Document Using XML
• Channel Definition Format(CDF)
• Information Content and Exchange(ICE)
• Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language
• Open Buying on the Internet(OBI)
• Open Financial Exchange(OFX)
• Open Trading Protocol(OTP)
• PSLIF,Schema,SWAP,UDEF,WIDL,XMI,XML/EDI

41
Internet Applications
E-Commerce Framework

• Common Business Libraries(CBL)
• XML Building Block for Common Information Block
• Business Primitives Companies, Services,
  Products
• Business Documents Catalogs, Order Forms,
  Invoices
• Date and Time, Position, Class Codes

42
Internet Applications
XML diffusion
ebXML Initiative
Chaos to Tower of Babel
Digital economy realization by standardized IT
infrastracture
1998 1999 2000
2001 2002 year Awareness
Proliferation Products
Implementation
Standardization
43
Internet Applications
ebXML Objectives
Goal To provide an open technical framework to
enable XML to be utilized in a consistent and
uniform manner for the exchange of Electronic
Business data in application to application,
application to person and person to application
environments. Terms November/1999 May/2001
Creating a Single Global Electronic Market
Participants OASIS,UN/CEFACT,ANSI-X12,DISA,NIS
T,ISO-TC154,CEN-ISSS,EAN, DIN,EBES,HL7,SWIFT,OMG,
OAG,OTA,CommerceNet,IBM,SUN,Microsoft,
Oracle,RosettaNet,Amazon,AIAG,Boeing,BT,DunBradst
reet,Bank-of-America, JIPDEC,Taipei-III,KIEC......
44
Internet Applications
ebXML Contents

• Requirements
• Requirements for business, technology,
  organization, and procedures
• Business Process
• Standards for business transaction
• Core Component
• Standards for reusable document
• Registry and Repository
• Register and Search the sharing information
• Trading Partner
• Standard for information of trading partners
• Transport/Routing and Packaging
• Secure message transport

45
ebXML Working Group
UN/CEFACT
ebXML
BP
BP
BP
CC
RR
TA
POC
OASIS
ebXML Implementation
TP
ebXML Registry
TRP
ebXML CPP/CPA
ebXML Messaging
46
ebXML Architecture
Business Process
Business Service
Business Service
Collaboration
47
Business Transaction
Requesting Activity
Responding Activity
Request Document
SignedReceipt
Response Document
Time-Outs
Legally Binding
48
Core Component(CC)
Party Party identifier Name
Address Zip code State City Building
Core Component
Business Process
Context
Internal system Scenario
Business Objects Methods
Attributes
CC
Message exchange
CC
49
Registry Repository
Other Registry
Other Registry
Company Profiles
Standard Elements
CPA Negotiation
Software Development
Standard Development
Standard Elements Process Paterns Messages
Core Component Software Packages Common
Business Objects
ebXML Implementation
50
(No Transcript)
51
ebXML Applications
Message Service Interface
Based on SOAP
Message Service Management
Error Handling
ebXML Message Envelope (MIME) Header Envelope
(MIME) Header Information
(XML) Message Envelope (MIME)
Payload
Security
Communication Interface
HTTP
SMTP
IIOP
FTP
Other
Messaging Service
52
Usage Example
Company X
Request ebXML specifications
1
2
ebXML specifications detail
ebXML Repository
Register scenarios and implementation
details Register company business profile
ebXML Software
4
ebXML BO Library
5
Confirm profile and scenarios accepted
3
ebXML BP Model
Specifications
Build local system implementation
Profiles
7
12
Query about Company X
Accept CPA
9
Scenarios
DO BUSINESS!
Company Xs Profile
Submit CPA
6
8
INDUSTRY INPUT
Request Company Xs Scenario
11
Company Xs Scenario
10
ebXML Software
ebXML BO Library
Company Y
ebXML BP Model
53
Component Architecture for E-Commerce
E-Commerce Component Architecture
54
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Internet Technologies

• Issues in AI Technologies
• Reactive Machines
• Stimulus Response Agent, Neural Network, Machine
  Revolution, State Machine, Robot Vision
• Search in State Space
• Agent that plan, Searches, Plan and Activity and
  Learning
• Knowledge Representation and Inference
• The propositional Calculus, Resolution, Predicate
  Calculus, Resolutions, Knowledge Base System,
  Uncertain Information
• Planning Method based on Logic
• Situation Calculus, Planning
• Communication and Integration
• Multi-Agent, Communication among agents, Natural
  Language, Agent Structure

55
First Order Logic

• AI Automated Theorem Proving
• Mechanical Theorem Proving (1930 Herbrand)
• Resolution Principle (1965, Robinson)
• Q/A System Problem Solving, Program Synthesis,
  Program Analysis, Symbolic Logic
• First Order Language for First Order Predicate
  Logic
• Alphabet
• Formulas
• Interpretation
• Truth
• Models

Syntax
Semantics
56
First Order Logic

• Alphabet
• Predicate
• P D1 x D2 x . x Dn ? Other Boolean
• The arity of P is n.
• P is n-place relation
• Function
• f D1 x D2 x . x Dn ? D
• Eg. int , int ? int
• The sort(type) of f is D, the arity of f is n.
• Variable A symbol to denote unknown, x,y,z,w
• Logical Connectives ? ? ? ?
• Quantifier ?(for all) , ?(There exists)

57
First Order Logic

• Terms
• Variables and n-place functions (constants) are
  terms.
• For ?n place function f, f(t1 x t2 x . x tn) is
  term, where ?ti term
• No other things are term
• Formulas
• For any n-place predicate P
• P(t1 x t2 x . x tn) is a formula, where ?ti is
  a term (Atomic formula or Atom)
• A literal is either an atomic sentence( a
  positive literal) or a negated atomic sentence (
  a negative literal).
• If F1 , F2 are formula, then F1 , F1 ? F2 , F1 ?
  F2 are also formulas
• If F is a formula, then ? x F, ? x F are
  formulas.
• No other things are formulas.
• Ex) Every married man has a wife.
• (?x) (Man(x) ? Married(x)) ? haswife(x)

58
First Order Logic
atom
term
ground term
formula
constant
variable
59
First Order Logic

• Clause a disjunction of literals written as L1
  ? L2 ? L3 ? . ? Lm where Li is a literal
• Axioms
• Formulas assumed true.
• Inference Rule
• Rules to drive new formulas from other formula
• Substitution
• F(x) x is a free variable
• F(t) t is a term
• Modus Ponens
• A ? B Married(X) ? HasSpouse(X)
  
• A Married(Peter)
• B HasSpouse(Peter)

60
First Order Logic

• Interpretation
• I total function from ground atoms to t,f
• Man(Peter)
  t
• Man(John)
  f
• Truth
• Models
• A model of a set of formulas is an interpretation
  under which ? formula is true
• Theorem
• A formula ? is a theorem of S iff for any model
  of S, F is True in that model
• A wff is valid iff it is true under all its
  interpretation. A wff is invalid iff it is not
  valid.
• An Interpretation of a wff is an assignment of
  truth value to A1,.. An, where all Ai is assigned
  either t or f, but not both.

I
I
61
First Order Logic

• Goal clause (Query)
• - q1, q2, . , qn
• There is no positive literal.
• Unification
• q1 t(f(x,y),z)
• q2 t(f(b,c),a)
• q1 q2, xb, yc, za substitution

62
BNF
Artificial Intelligence

• Sentence ? AtomicSentence
• Sentence Connective Sentence
• Quantifier Variable, .
  Sentence
• ? Sentence
• (Sentence)
• AtomicSentence ? Predicate(Term, ) Term Term
• Term ? Function(Term, .)
• Constant
• Variable
• Connective ? ? ? ? ?
• Quantifier ? ? ?
• Constant ? A X John
• Variable ? a x s
• Predicate ? Before HasColor Raining .
• Function ? Mother LeftLegOf .

63
Knowledge Representation
Artificial Intelligence

• Predicate Logic (Using Rule)
• Father(Isac,Abraham)
• Cat(Felix)
• ?x Cat(x) ? HaveTail(x)
• x/Felix unification
• Cat(Felix) ? HaveTail(Felix)
• Semantic Net
• Complement Knowledge Representation by Rule
• Nodes(Objects,Concepts,Events) and Arcs
  (Predicates)
• Using Frame
• Similar to Semantic Net
• Attribute (Slot) and Attribute Value

64
Background of Semantic Web
Semantic Web

• Communication Problem among System in short of
  Information Infrastructure
• Limitation of HTML
• Limitation of XML and its Complement
• Systematic Definition of Semantics of Resource in
  Current Web, a kind of Extension to Result the
  Working of Automating Machine
• Ontological Definition, Semantic Search,
  Automation, Integration, and Re-Use

65
Source Technologies of Semantic Web
Semantic Web

• Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
• XML Namespaces
• Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• RDF Schema

66
Core Concept of Semantic Web
Semantic Web

• Can use URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) as
  Identifier
• Can access through network Electronic Document,
  Image, Information Service, Collection of
  Resource
• Can not access through network Human, Company,
  Books
• Abstract Concept Constructor, Subject,
  Title

67
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
Semantic Web

• Describe Web Resource
• Framework to describe corresponding information
  to exchange information among application
  programs without loss of semantics
• Encoding, Exchange, Re-Use of Metadata
• Triple (Subject, Predicate, Object)

68
A Simple RDF Statement
Semantic Web
http//www.example.org/index.html has a
creation-date whose value is August 16, 1999
Triple Description
exindex.html, extermscreation-date, "August
16, 1999
69
Ontology Language
Semantic Web

• Background
• Modeling Components Being Short in RDF Schema
• Add Several Logical Facilities to RDF-S such as
  Synonym, Reverse, union, intersection, etc
• Ontology Language
• DAMLOIL
• Web Ontology Language (OWL)

70
Why Ontology?
Semantic Web

• Query to need understanding on the semantics of
  information
• Provide Menu list for dinner and Recommend Wine,
  but Exclude Sauterne.
• Query to request Logical Reasoning
• Can be done when trace the relations between
  classes or attributes.
• Super,Sub, Equal, Reverse, Conjuction, etc

71
New Information Service Based on Ontology
Semantic Web

• Query 1
• Find the information on Researcher James
  Hendler
• Query 2
• Find papers that refer SHOE to be co-written by
  James Hendler.
• SHOE is different to shoes

72
New Information Service Based on Ontology
Semantic Web

• Query 3
• Recommend the suitable wine for hot Pasta
• Query 4
• Find the services that can process tour iternery
  in given schedule by some conference
  automatically.
• Query 5
• Find the service to provide Narita-San Francisco
  the cheapest Air-Ticket with Specific credit
  card, and Reserve it.
• Query 6
• Find the services that integrate the various
  exhibition, meeting plans into private
  information system.