Building a Europe of Knowledge

1
Building a Europe of Knowledge

• The Seventh Framework Programme2007-2013
• ENERGY

2
Lisbon strategy for 2010 The most dynamic
competitive knowledge-based economy in the
worldsustainable economic growthmore and better
jobsgreater social cohesionrespect for
environment
Research ERA
Growth Jobs
Education
Innovation
3
Research filling the gapTotal expenditure on
RD, of GDPBarcelona Summit, 2001
Japan 3.0
USA 2.7
EU-15 1.9
4
Whats new in FP7?

• Most relevant new elements for Energy compared to
  FP6
• Duration increased from 4 to 7 years
• Annual budget increased (5 billion ? 7
  billion)
• Budget 48.770 B (50.521 B incl. JRC direct
  actions)
• Frontier research in ERC ( 1 billion per year)
• New structure Cooperation, Ideas, People,
  Capacities
• Annual Work Programme
• Demonstration projects funded at 50 instead of
  35
• Joint Technology Initiatives
• Themes changes of technical coverage (e.g.
  Clean coal)

5
FP7 structure and budget 50,521 M
Euratom 4.061
JRC 1.751
Cooperation 32,413
Capacities 4.097
People 4.750
Ideas 7.510
6
Simplification in FP7

• Clearer Framework Programme structure
• Annual Work Programmes
• Simplified application procedures unique
  registration facility
• More user-friendly Guides for Applicants
• Simplified funding schemes instead of instruments
• Standardised contract information
• Fewer pre-contract checks
• Greater autonomy of consortia
• Cost reporting models (FC, AC, etc) have been
  eliminated
• Input and advice on all aspects from the Sounding
  Board set up by Commissioner Potocnik

7
FP7 Financial Perspectives 2007-2013

• 40 higher annual average budget than in FP6
• Ramping up over 7 years
• 75 real terms increase from 2007 to 2013

8
FP7 Financial Perspectives 2007-2013

• Duration 7 years
• Ramped annual budget
• Gradual increase from FP6
• Indicative figures, 2 inflation

3.7 of EU Budget
5.2 of EU Budget
Including non-nuclear direct actions of Joint
Research Centre (1751 M) and administration
costs, but not including Euratom (4061 M).
9
FP7

• Specific Programmes

10
Cooperation specific programme Budget

11
Cooperation specific programme Theme
implementation
Collaborative research (Collaborative projects
Networks of Excellence Coordination/support
actions)
Joint Technology Initiatives
Coordination of non-Community research
programmes (ERA-NET ERA-NET Article 169)
International Cooperation
Emerging needs, unforeseen policy
needs, dissemination transfer of results
12
Ideas specific programme Frontier research

• Autonomous (independent of political interest)
• Independent scientific governance (Scientific
  Council)
• Frontier research
• Support to individual teams, to promote
  excellence through Europe-wide competition
• Two kinds of grant
• Advanced Investigator Grant
• Starting Independent Researcher Grant
• 100 to 400 k per year for up to 5 years
• Dedicated implementation structure (External
  Executive Agency)

13
Capacities specific programme Research Capacity

• Research infrastructures
• Research for the benefit of SMEs
• Regions of Knowledge
• Research Potential of Convergence regions
• Science in Society
• Activities of International Cooperation
• Coherent development of policies

14
People specific programme Marie Curie Actions

• Continuity from previous Framework programme
• Initial training of researchers
• Marie Curie Networks (Open to third-country
  nationals)
• Life-long training and career development
• Individual Fellowships, Co-financing of
  regional/national/international programmes
• Industry-academia pathways and partnerships
• Industry-Academia Knowledgesharing Scheme
• International dimension
• Outgoing Incoming International Fellowships,
  International Cooperation Scheme, Reintegration
  grants, Support to researcher diasporas
• Specific actions
• Mobility and career enhancement actions,
  Excellence awards

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FP7

• ENERGY Theme

16
Cooperation Theme 5 - Energy
OBJECTIVES Diversified energy mix Energy
efficiency Energy conservation Low carbon Less
dependence on imported fuels TO
ADDRESS Sustainable development Security of
supply Climate change Competitiveness
17
Energy key challenges

• Global energy demand predicted to increase by
  60over the next 30 years
• Finite nature of conventional oil and natural gas
  reserves
• EU energy dependency could rise from 50 to 70
  by 2030 volatility of oil prices and
  geopolitical instability
• Over 90 of EU CO2 emissions causing climate
  change are attributable to energy
• Global energy investments of 12 trillion
  required up to 2030 huge market potential, but
  EU under severe threat from global competitors

18
Energy policies
DG TREN Website http//ec.europa.eu/energy/index_e
n.html
19
Energy future
20
Energy theme joint responsibility
DG RTD Research
DG TREN Transport and Energy
Research
Research Demonstration
Time frame Longer term
Time frame Shorter term
21
Cooperation specific programme Energy theme -
ten activities
Renewable electricity generation
Energy savings and energy efficiency
Renewable fuel production
CO2 capture and storage for zero emission power
generation
Renewables for heating and cooling
Clean coal technologies
Smart energy networks
Hydrogen and fuel cells
Knowledge for energy policy making
Horizontal programme actions
22
Cooperation specific programme Energy theme -
ten activities
Renewable electricity generation DG RTD TREN
Energy savings and energy efficiency (incl
CONCERTO CIVITAS-Plus) DG TREN
Renewable fuel production DG RTD TREN
CO2 capture and storage for zero emission power
generation DG RTD
Renewables for heating and cooling DG TREN
Clean coal technologies DG TREN
Smart energy networks DG RTD TREN
Hydrogen and fuel cells DG RTD TREN
Knowledge for energy policy making DG RTD TREN
Horizontal programme actions
23
European Technology Platforms

• A Technology Platform unites all relevant
  stakeholders in addressing a particular
  technological challenge
• Bottom-Up Approach with Industry in Lead
• EU Role Facilitating and Guiding but not Leading
  or Owning
• Platforms define a common vision which includes a
  strategic research agenda and deployment
  strategy
• Taken into Account in Thematic Priorities of FP7
• Some potential Joint Technology Initiatives

24
Energy technology platforms

• Hydrogen and fuel cells
• Possible JTI in 2008
• Photovoltaics
• Biofuels
• SmartGrids
• Zero-emission fossil fuel plants
• Solar Thermal
• Wind

25
Joint Technology Initiatives

• The Community may set up joint undertakings or
  any other structure necessary for the efficient
  execution of Community RTD programmes
• Six Fields Envisaged at this Stage
• Including hydrogen and fuel cells
• Other Fields Possible Subsequently

26
FP7

• ENERGY Activities

27
Renewable energy sources supported in FP7
Biomass Hydro Geothermal Wind Photovoltaics Solar
thermal Ocean
28
Renewables for heating and cooling
Technologies to increase efficiencies anddrive
down the costs of active and passive heating and
cooling from renewable energy sources, ensuring
their use in different regional conditions (e.g.
district/dedicated space heating and cooling,
building integration, energy storage)
Overall goal for 2010 12 of renewable energy
sources in the energy mix
29
Renewable electricity generation
Technologies to increase overall conversion
efficiency, cost efficiency and reliability,
driving down the cost of electricity production
from indigenous renewable energy sources,
including biodegradable waste, and the
development and the demonstration of technologies
suited to different regional conditions.
Goal for 201021 of green electricity
30
Renewable fuel production
Integrated fuel production systems and conversion
technologies to develop and drive down the unit
cost of solid, liquid and gaseous (including
hydrogen) fuels produced from renewable energy
sources including biodegradable waste, aiming at
the cost-effective production, storage and use of
carbon-neutral fuels, in particular biofuels for
transport and electricity generation.
Goal for 20105.75 of alternative transport fuel
31
Transport, stationary and portable
applicationsCritical materials, processes and
emerging technologiesFundamental and applied
research and technological developmentLarge-scale
demonstration (lighthouse) projects Hydrogen
and Fuel Cell Technology PlatformPossible Joint
Technology Initiative
Hydrogen and fuel cells
32
Fossil fuels in World Primary Energy 80 now,
78-82 (2030) (IEA)Aim reduce adverse
environmental impacts of fossil fuel useHighly
efficient power and steam generation with near
zero emissionsEfficient and reliable CO2
capture and storage technologiesParticularly
underground storageDecrease cost to
lt20/tonneCapture rates above 90 Prove the
long-term stability, safety reliability of CO2
storage
CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero
emission power generation
33
Coal share of World Primary Energy25 now,
20-25 in 2030 (IEA scenarios)Development and
demonstration of clean coal other solid fuel
conversion technologies tosignificantly
increase plant efficiency and reliabilityminimise
pollutant emissionsreduce overall costsalso
produce secondary energy carriers (including H2)
and liquid or gaseous fuels Complementary to
CO2 capture and storage technologies.
Clean coal technologies
34
To increase the efficiency, flexibility, safety
and reliability of the more integrated European
electricity and gas networksElectricityInterac
tive customers/operators networkLarge scale
integration of RESDistributed generation fuel
cells, micro-turbinesInnovative ICT solutions,
RES storage, power electronics High Temperature
Superconducting devicesGasIntelligent and
efficient gas transport and distributionIntegrati
on of RES technologies
Smart energy networks
35
Vast potential to reduce energy demand at low
cost through energy savings improved energy
efficiencyNew concepts and technologies for
optimising community energy systems for
buildings, transport, services and
industryEco-buildings, minimum climate impact
buildingsRenewable energy co-generation and
poly-generationIntegrated demand management in
cities communitiesLarge-scale demonstration
plus innovative RD on specific technologies
Energy efficiency and savings
36
Development of tools, methods and models to
assess the main economic and social issues
related to energy technologiesDatabases and
scenariosImpact of technological progress on EU
energy policies Impact of energy policies and
technologies on security of supply, environment,
society and competitiveness
Knowledge for energy policy making
37
European Research Area (ERA) and programme
management and coordinationCoordination of FP7
Energy and Member States and Associated
Countries initiatives using the ERA NET
schemeTrans-national co-operation among NCPs
Monitoring the expected impacts of FP7 Energy
projects
Horizontal Programme Actions
FP7 - August 2005 37
38
FP7

• SMEs in
• ENERGY Theme

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The new SME Definition

• Promote investment
• Exceptions for venture capital, regional funds,
  business angels, small local authorities
• New financial ceilings favour enterprises that
  invest
• Improve access to RD and promote innovation
• Exceptions for universities, research centres
• Clustering favoured by new typology
  calculation method
• (partner enterprises)

40
The new SME Definition

• Staff headcount thresholds no change
• Medium enterprise lt 250 persons
• Small enterprise lt 50
• Micro enterprise lt 10

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The new SME Definition

• Size class 1996 2003
• ( millions ) (millions )
• Turnover Medium-sized 40
  50
• Small 7 10
• Micro - 2
• Balance sheet Medium-sized 27
  43
• total Small 5 10
• Micro - 2

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The new SME Definition

• What is an autonomous enterprise?
• totally independent enterprise or
• holding of less than 25 of capital or voting
  rights in one or more other enterprises (and vice
  versa)
• exceptions business angels etc.
• What are partner enterprises?
• An enterprise holds 25 or more of the capital
  or voting rights of another enterprise
• The 2 enterprises are not classified as linked
  enterprises
• Special case no SME if 25 of capital or voting
  rights controlled by one or more public bodies

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The new SME Definition

• What are linked enterprises?
• Corresponds to the economic situation of
  enterprises which form a GROUP
• Two enterprises are LINKED when
• An enterprise holds a majority of the
  shareholders or members voting rights in
  another
• An enterprise is entitled to appoint or remove a
  majority of management body of another
• An enterprise is able to exercise a dominant
  influence over another enterprise through
  contract/provision in the memorandum or articles
  of association

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Background - DG RTD

• FP5 (Contracts)
• Projects 474
• Total Participants 3592
• SMEs participants 580 (16.15)
• SMEs funding 11.13
• Average EC contributions
• All participants 140.343
• SMEs 96.715
• Non-SMEs 148.744

FP6 (Proposals) Projects 105 Total
Participants 2142 (-40) SMEs participants 434
(20.26 / -25) SMEs funding 13.73 Average EC
contributions All participants 290.999 SMEs
197.262 Non-SMEs 314.817
47
Strategy for FP7

• Continuation of FP6 strategy
• Dissemination
• Targeted workshops
• Information days
• Topics identifications
• Encourage SMEs to enter new fields
• Encourage SMEs presence in projects
• Consolidate SMEs presence
• Pursue E.T.I. routes
• SMEs in Energy Industries

48
FP7

• ENERGY First Calls
• (Draft)

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FP7 First Calls
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Description of Topics in First Calls

• Detailed content and scope
• Funding scheme is specified
• Collaborative projects
• DG RTD Small-medium or large
• DG TREN not specified
• Coordination and Support Actions
• DG RTD CA or SA specified
• DG TREN always SA
• No Networks of Excellence in First Calls
• Expected impact
• will be part of evaluation criteria
• Indicative number of projects per topic

51
Indicative project funding in First Calls

• Collaborative projects
• Small-medium in DG RTD Call typically 1-3 M
• Large in DG RTD Call typically 5-8 M
• In DG TREN Call not specified
• Coordination and Support Action
• CA type typically 1-2 M
• SA type Typically lt1 M
• NB Eligibility Criterion in DG RTD Call only
• Large Collaborative Project gt 4 M
• Small-Medium Collaborative Project lt 4 M

52
Renewables for Heating and Cooling
53
Renewable Electricity Generation
54
Renewable Fuel Production
55
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
56
CO2 Capture and Storage
57
Clean coal technologies
58
Cross-cutting actions CCS - Clean Coal
59
Smart Energy Networks
60
Energy Efficiency and Savings
61
Knowledge for Energy Policy Making
SICA Specific International Cooperation Action
62
Horizontal Programme Actions
63
ERA NET Call
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Next Calls

• 2008-RTD
• Important topics complementary to those in the
  first call
• Areas not well covered by the outcome of the
  first call
• Future and Emerging Technologies (FET), ERA-NETs
  and Specific International Cooperation Actions
  (SICA)
• 2008-TREN, inter alia
• "Large-scale Integration of Renewable Energy
  Supply and Energy Efficiency in Buildings
  Eco-Buildings" (Area ENERGY.8.3)
• "Innovative Integration of Renewable Energy
  Supply and Energy Efficiency in large
  Communities CONCERTO" (Area ENERGY.8.4)
• Gas networks (in Activity ENERGY.7)

65
Calls for Experts

• Evaluators of proposals
• Reviewers of progress of running projects
• New experts apply through CORDIS website to enter
  their details into FP7 Experts database
• https//cordis.europa.eu/emmfp7
• Current FP6 Experts receive an e-mail asking if
  they wish to be registered in FP7 database
• Evaluation work
• remotely at home (usually individual evaluations)
• in Brussels (usually consensus stage evaluations)
• Reviews
• remotely at home (reading reports, writing
  review)
• Review meeting in Brussels or at contractors
  facilities

66
CIP Competitiveness and Innovation Programme

• Intelligent Energy for Europe

67
FP7 CIPCompetitiveness Innovation Programme

• Includes Intelligent Energy for Europe
• (SAVE, ALTENER, COOPENER, STEER)
• Complementary and mutually reinforcing actions
• Competitiveness and dissemination remain key
  element of FP7
• Designed to operate side by side in support of
  Lisbon objectives
• Close coordination

FP7 Dissemination of knowledge and
innovation-related activities (within projects)
CIP Innovation support networks and take-up of
proven technologies
http//ec.europa.eu/enterprise/enterprise_policy/c
ip/index_en.htm http//ec.europa.eu/energy/intelli
gent/index_en.html
68
How FP7 and CIP complement each other
69
Other Programmes

• where Energy proposals can be submitted

70
Other programmes where Energy proposals can be
submitted

• Transport, Nanotech, Biotech Themes
• CIP Intelligent Energy for Europe
• RFCS Coal and Steel Programme
• Clean Coal, Carbon Capture and Storage
• IDEAS Specific Programme
• European Research Council
• Frontier research
• PEOPLE Specific programme
• Marie Curie Fellowships and Networks
• CAPACITIES Specific programme
• SMEs
• Infrastructures
• ERA NET

71
FP7

• Rules for participation

72
Rules for Participation

• Official COM document Co-decision by Council and
  Parliament (EC Treaty)
• The Rules for Participation cover
• Partner eligibility
• Proposal submission, evaluation and negotiation
• Legal financial rules
• Community financial contribution
• Maximum funding rates
• Implementation and grant agreements
• Cost Reporting
• Intellectual Property Rights

73
Simplification of procedures

• Objectives
• Eliminate procedures, rules and requests with no
  added value
• Cut the number of requests to participants
• Avoid red tape and increase user-friendliness
• Reduce delays
• Principles
• Rationalisation of all procedures
• Communication
• Strike a new balance between risk and control to
  provide
• Greater trust
• Increased risk-taking

74
Forms of grants

• Choose between
• Reimbursement of eligible costs (vast majority of
  grants, incl. ERC)
• Flat rates a percentage for indirect costs or
  scales of unit costs (e.g. Marie Curie)
• Lump sum amounts (e.g. NoE, Marie Curie, some
  Coordination Support Actions)
• A combination of the above
• Cost reporting models (FC, AC, etc) have been
  eliminated
• Participants charge direct (and indirect) costs
• For indirect costs, a flat rate is an option
• Average personnel costs may be used if they do
  not differ significantly from actual costs
• For certain participants, indirect costs can be
  calculated using a simplified method to be
  established in the grant agreement
• Co-financing, no profit
• Audit certificates continued, but rationalised
• no longer required from small organisations

75
Maximum funding rates

• Research activities 50 of eligible costs except
  for
• SMEs 75
• Public bodies 75
• Secondary and higher education establishments
  75
• Research organisations (non-profit) 75
• European Research Council frontier research
  actions 100
• Coordination and support actions 100
• Training and career development of researchers
  actions 100
• Demonstration activities 50 of eligible costs
  (was 35 in FP6)
• Networks of Excellence special lump sum system

76
Minimum conditions for participation

• 3 independent participants from 3 different
  Member States or Associated Countries ( ACC AS
  in FP6)
• Coordination and support actions minimum of 1
  legal entity
• Work Programme or Specific Programme can add
  conditions on number or type of participant,
  place of establishment, etc
• Sole participants composed of members that meet
  the criteria above can participate
• Collaborative projects addressing the
  participation of ICPC International Cooperation
  Partner Countries ( INCO in FP6) minimum of 2
  MS or AC and 2 ICPC countries or regions
• Participation of international organisations and
  participants from third countries if in addition
  to minima

77
Implementation of grant agreements

• Grant agreement (FP7 name for contract)
• Participants implement work jointly and severally
  towards the Community (return to FP4 5
  approach) and carry out work of a defaulting
  partner unless the Commission relieves them of
  that obligation
• Abandon FP6 concept of Collective financial
  responsibility
• If implementation of the project is impossible or
  participants fail to implement it, the Commission
  shall ensure termination
• Consortium agreements obligatory unless exempted
  by call for proposals Commission to publish
  guidelines
• Changes in consortium membership possible
• Sub-contracting no change from FP6
• Simpler project reporting than FP6 (tbc deviation
  reports)

78
Guarantee fund mechanism

• Replaces FP6 concept of Collective financial
  responsibility
• Commission to assess risk of default and may
  establish a mechanism to cover financial loss
• Participants contribute a small (1) of their
  EC grant to the fund to insure against losses of
  a defaulting partner
• Consortium agreement could stipulate payment to
  risky partners in arrears on delivery of work
• Public bodies, secondary and higher education and
  entities guaranteed by MS or AC would not
  contribute and neither would participants in
  certain types of funding schemes (training,
  frontier research, actions for benefit of
  specific groups except SMEs)

79
Intellectual Property Rights

• Pre-existing know-how in FP6 becomes
  Background in FP7. It is
• held by participants prior to their accession to
  the grant agreement (no sideground)
• Needed for carrying out the project or for using
  its results
• Knowledge in FP6 becomes Foreground in FP7

80
Access rights
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FP7

• Proposal Submission and evaluation

82
Cooperation specific programme Proposal
submission and evaluation

• Rules for Participation
• on procedures for proposal submission,
  evaluation, selection and award (including for
  redress)
• to ensure consistent verification of the legal
  status and financial capacity of participants
• Evaluation criteria established in SP and WP
• Work Programmes and Calls will specify
• Types of activities (research, technology
  development, demonstration, training,)
• Categories of most relevant participants
• Type of funding scheme (Collaborative projects,
  Networks of Excellence, Coordination and support
  actions)
• EPSS Electronic Submission operational in March
  2007
• Transparent, fair and impartial evaluation
  procedures with help of independent experts

83
How to prepare a proposal (1)

• Topics are defined through a number of
  stakeholders consultations
• Topic description provides the scope and
  indicates the level of ambition
• Your proposal must fit the topic description
• Be aware of the policy context
• Read again the Work Programme and the Call text
• Do not stretch the topic description

84
How to prepare a proposal (2)

• Choose your partner carefully to cover the needed
  expertise
• Is your consortium complete?
• Industry
• Research
• Would SME(s) be beneficial for your project?
• Could third country partners improve your
  project?In particular from developing countries

85
How to prepare a proposal (3)

• Do not assume that the independent experts know
  everything you know.
• Your proposal has to be clear, in particular in
  relation to all the evaluation criteria
• Is the ST innovation clearly explained?
• Are the objectives quantified and measurable?
• Is the description of the work and of the
  deliverables clear?
• Is the resource allocation explained
• Is the budget adequately justified

86
How to prepare a proposal (4)

• Ask questions and ask for help
• Talk to the national contact point
• If needed, contact the EC staff
• Use pre-proposal check
• Ask a colleague to pre-evaluate your proposal
• Start early and send your proposal in time

87
Evaluation Process

• Independent experts
• Limited time
• Single stage submission and evaluation process
• Eligibility checks (time of receipt,
  completeness, partnership)
• Individual reading and marking (3-5 remote
  experts)
• Consensus discussion and final marking
• Evaluation Summary Report
• Competition between topics for funding based on
  excellence
• (some topics may not be funded)
• Commission decision on ranking (Selected,
  Reserve, Rejected)
• Start of negotiation for the selected proposals

88
FP7

• Timetable information sources

89
FP7 Timetable
90
Energy - Staying informed

• Energy Research web site and Energy Helpdesk
• http//ec.europa.eu/comm/research/energy/index_en.
  html
• rtd-energy_at_ec.europa.eu
• Energy Policy
• http//ec.europa.eu/comm/energy/index_en.html
• Seventh Framework Programme
• http//cordis.europa.eu/fp7/
• Calls for proposals
• http//cordis.europa.eu/fp7/
• Conferences, proceedings, Newsletter
• http//ec.europa.eu/comm/research/energy/gp/gp_eve
  nts/action/article_2790_en.htm
• http//ec.europa.eu/comm/research/energy/pdf/renew
  s5.pdf
• National Contact Points

91
General information on FP7

• EU research http//ec.europa.eu/comm/research
• Seventh Framework Programme http//cordis.europa.e
  u/fp7/
• Information on research programmesand projects
  http//cordis.europa.eu/
• RTD info magazine http//ec.europa.eu/comm/researc
  h/rtdinfo/
• Information requests research_at_ec.europa.eu
• National Contact Points

92
Thank you for your attention!

• Directorate-General for Research
• ENERGY

93
FP7

• Energy activities texts of Specific programme

94
Renewables for heating and cooling
Research, development and demonstration of
technologies and devices including storage
technologies to increase efficiencies and drive
down the costs of active and passive heating and
cooling from renewable energy sources, ensuring
their use in different regional conditions.
95
Renewable electricity generation
Technologies to increase overall conversion
efficiency, cost efficiency and reliability,
driving down the cost of electricity production
from indigenous renewable energy sources,
including biodegradable waste, and the
development and the demonstration of technologies
suited to different regional conditions.
96
Renewable fuel production
Integrated conversion technologies and fuel
production systems to develop and drive down the
unit cost of solid, liquid and gaseous (including
hydrogen) fuels produced from renewable energy
sources, including biomass and biodegradable
waste, aiming at the cost-effective production,
storage, distribution and use of carbon-neutral
fuels, in particular liquid biofuels for
transport.
97
Integrated action to provide a strong
technological foundation for competitive EU fuel
cell and hydrogen industries, for stationary,
portable and transport applications. The Hydrogen
and Fuel Cells European Technology Platform helps
this activity by proposing an integrated research
and deployment strategy.
Hydrogen and fuel cells
98
Research, development and demonstration of
technologies to drastically reduce the adverse
environmental impact of fossil fuel use aiming at
highly efficient and cost effective power and/ or
steam generation plants with near zero emissions,
based on CO2 capture and storage technologies, in
particular underground storage.
CO2 capture and storage technologies for zero
emission power generation
99
To substantially improve plant efficiency,
reliability and cost through research,
development and demonstration of clean coal and
other solid fuel conversion technologies
producing also secondary energy carriers
(including hydrogen) and liquid or gaseous fuels.

Clean coal technologies
100
Research, develop and demonstrate how to increase
the efficiency, safety, reliability and quality
of the European electricity and gas systems and
networks notably within the context of a more
integrated European energy market e.g. by
transforming the current electricity grids into
an interactive (customers/operators) service
network, developing energy storage options and
removing obstacles to the large-scale deployment
and effective integration of distributed and
renewable energy sources.
Smart energy networks
101
Research, development and demonstration of new
concepts, optimisation of proven concepts and
technologies to improve energy efficiency and to
reduce further final and primary energy
consumption for buildings, taking the life cycle
into account, transport, services and industry.
This includes the integration of strategies and
technologies for energy efficiency (including co-
and poly-generation), the use of new and
renewable energy technologies and energy demand
management measures and devices, and the
demonstration of minimum climate impact
buildings.
Energy efficiency and savings
102
Development of tools, methods and models to
assess the main economic and social issues
related to energy technologies and to provide
quantifiable targets and scenarios for medium and
long term horizons (including providing
scientific support for policy development).
Knowledge for energy policy making