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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature
present experiences, towards a future monitoring
system COST Action 33 Working Group 2
Recreation and nature tourism supply and demand,
including actual usage November 1-2,
2004 Edinburgh, Scotland Hans Skov-Petersen
(hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard Jensen
(fsj_at_kvl.dk) Department of urban and landscape
studies Danish centre for Forest, Landscape and
Planning Royal Veterinary and Agricultural
University, Denmark
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Introduction and background

• The history of assessment of recreation in
  Denmark in brief
• National surveys include use of
• stated preference/activities (questionnaires,
  photos and verbal statement-cards) and
• revealing techniques (counting cars)
• Surveys have been repeated almost identically in
  the 70s and the 90s
• The surveys of the past have influenced policy,
  planning, administration and management of the
  Danish recreational resources

Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 2
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Present experiences

• Household survey on forest use patterns
• Objective To assess the Danish populations use
  of the nature
• Method
• Questionnaires distributed by surface-mail to
  approximately 3000 adults
• Responserate 90
• Selected results
• 90 of the population spend time in the forest
  at least once a year (which is higher than the
  attraction rate of cinemas, libraries and concert
  halls)
• The total number of forest visits is estimated to
  be 75 mill per year
• 2/3 of all visits takes place in a the forest
  closest to the dwelling
• For 50 of the visits less than 15 minutes
  transport is used (5 km)
• 50 used the car. 25 walked, 10 came on
  bicycle and 6 by public transport.
• The longer the distance travelled, the more
  likely is the automobile to be the mean of
  transport

Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 3
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Present experiences

• Household survey on forest use patterns
• Selected changes from the 70s to the 90s
• The average number of visits per adult person per
  year has increased by 15 .
• The total number of visits has gone up by 25
  (taking population growth into account).
• The duration of the visits is decreasing
• A decrease in the transport time is recorded
• Bicycles and walking are increasing as means of
  transport

Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 4
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Present experiences

• Household survey on forest and nature preferences
• Objective To assess the Danish populations
  nature preferences
• Method
• Questionnaires, cards with verbal statements and
  b/w photographs distributed by surface-mail to
  approximately 3000 adults
• 7 photos out of 52 (1977/78), 64 (1993/94) were
  ordered by the respondents
• 7 card with verbal statements out of 100 were
  ordered
• Response 89 (1977/78) and 84 (1993/94)

Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 5
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Present experiences

• Specific surveys of destination-areas
• Objective To assess the regional variation in
  forest recreation intensities
• Method
• Simultaneous counts of cars in 446 forests
  (1976/77) and 592 forest and other nature areas
  (1996/97)
• The individual areas included was enrolled
  voluntarily
• The time of 20 campaigns was set by random over a
  year. 2 extra campaigns were included on special
  dates
• Questionnaires were delivered during the
  campaigns. 45.000 in 1976/77 (response 54 ),
  86.000 in 1996/97 (response 47 ).
• A key question was the distance travelled
• Collected counts were scaled to yearly figures by
  means of permanent counting stations (to be
  described)
• Estimation of non-car-borne visits was done using
  data from the household questionnaire (distance
  travelled)

Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 6
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Present experiences

• Specific surveys of destination-areas
• Selected results

Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 7
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Towards a future monitoring system

• Requirements for a future system
• A higher rate of update (individual campaigns are
  expensive)
• More focus on non-car-borne activity is needed
  (assessments in he nature were based on cars)
• Samples have to be thematically stratified (
  previously, they were not designed to evaluate
  special characteristics)
• Sample sites must be spatially stabile over time

• New possibilities
• The use of GIS (among the advantages is the
  possibility to support stratified sampling)
• Registration and statistics based on Grid cells
  are becoming a standard
• New technology is becoming available - especially
  for registration of visitor behaviour in field

Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 8
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Towards a future monitoring system
A comprehensive schema ?
Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 9
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Assessing recreation in the Danish nature -
Present experiences, - Towards a future
monitoring system
That was it. Thank you for your attention
COST Action 33 Working Group 2
Hans Skov-Petersen (hsp_at_kvl.dk) Frank Søndergaard
Jensen (fsj_at_kvl.dk)
Slide 10